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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers in Hindi - 2025-26

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Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers NCERT PDF in Hindi with Detailed Explanations

Download the Class 12 Chemistry NCERT Solutions in Hindi medium and English medium as well offered by the leading e-learning platform Vedantu. If you are a student of Class 12, you have reached the right platform. The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry in Hindi provided by us are designed in a simple, straightforward language, which are easy to memorise. You will also be able to download the PDF file for NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry  in Hindi from our website at absolutely free of cost. 


NCERT, which stands for The National Council of Educational Research and Training, is responsible for designing and publishing textbooks for all the classes and subjects. NCERT textbooks covered all the topics and are applicable to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and various state boards. 


Class:

NCERT Solutions for Class 12

Subject:

Class 12 Chemistry

Chapter Name:

Chapter 11 - Alcohols Phenols And Ethers

Content-Type:

Text, Videos, Images and PDF Format

Academic Year:

2024-25

Medium:

English and Hindi

Available Materials:

  • Chapter Wise

  • Exercise Wise

Other Materials

  • Important Questions

  • Revision Notes



We, at Vedantu, offer free NCERT Solutions in English medium and Hindi medium for all the classes as well. Created by subject matter experts, these NCERT Solutions in Hindi are very helpful to the students of all classes. 

Competitive Exams after 12th Science
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Access NCERT Solutions for Class-12 Chemistry Chapter 12 – ऐल्कोहॉल फीनॉल तथा ईथर

अभ्यास के अंतर्गत दिए गए प्रश्न उत्तर

1.  निम्नलिखित को प्राथमिक, द्वितीयक एवं तृतीयक ऐल्कोहॉल में वर्गीकृत कीजिए –

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Alcohols
 

उत्तरः  प्राथमिक ऐल्कोहॉल : (i), (ii), (iii)

द्वितीयक ऐल्कोहॉल : (iv), (v)

तृतीयक ऐल्कोहॉल : (vi)


2. उपर्युक्त उदाहरणों में से ऐलिलिक ऐल्कोहॉलों को पहचानिए।

उत्तर: (ii) तथा (vi)।


3. निम्नलिखित यौगिकों के आई०यू०पी०ए०सी० (IUPAC) नामपद्धति से नाम दीजिए –


Showing Compound


उत्तरः (i) 3-क्लोरो मेथिल-2-आइसोप्रोपिल पेन्टेन-1-ऑल

(ii) 2,5-डाई मेथिल हेक्सेन -1,3-डाइऑल

(iii) 3-ब्रोमो साइक्लोहेक्सीन कॉल

(iv) हेक्स-1-ईन-3-ऑल

(v) 2-ब्रोमो-3-मेथिल ब्यूट-2-ईन-1-ऑल


4. दर्शाइए कि मेथेनल पर उपयुक्त ग्रीन्यार अभिकर्मक से अभिक्रिया द्वारा निम्नलिखित ऐल्कोहॉल कैसे विरचित किए जाते हैं?


Reaction of the following compounds with methanol and Grenier reagent


उत्तरः

Complete reaction of the following compounds with methanol and Grenier's reagent


5. निम्नलिखित अभिक्रिया के उत्पादों की संरचना लिखिए –


carry out the following reaction


उत्तरः 

(i)


propene to propane-2 -all


(ii) $NaBH_4$ एक दुर्बल अपचायक है, यह एल्डिहाइड/कीटोन को अपचयित कर सकता है, परन्तु एस्टर को नहीं।


Ketone reduction


(iii) -CHO समूह $-CH_2OH$ में अपचयित हो जाता है।


The CHO group being reduced to -CH_2OH


6. यदि निम्नलिखित ऐल्कोहॉल क्रमशः (a) $HCl-ZnCl_2$, (b) $HBr$, (c) $SOCl_2$ से अभिक्रिया करें तो आप अपेक्षित उत्पादों की संरचनाएँ दीजिए।

(i) ब्यूटेन-1-ऑल

(ii) 2-मेथिलब्यूटेन-2-ऑल।

उत्तर:

  1. HCl-ZnClz (ल्यूकास अभिकर्मक) के साथ


The reaction between alcohol and Lucas reagent


  1. HBr के साथ


The reaction between alcohol and HBr


  1.  $SOCl_2$ के साथ


The reaction between alcohol and SOCl2


7. (i) 1-मेथिलसाइक्लोहेक्सेनॉल और (ii) ब्यूटेन-1-ऑल के अम्ल उत्प्रेरित निर्जलन के मुख्य उत्पादों की प्रागुक्ति कीजिए।

या

किसी ऐल्कोहॉल की किसी एक निर्जलीकरण अभिक्रिया का रासायनिक समीकरण लिखिए। (2018)

उत्तर:

(i) 1-मेथिलसाइक्लोहेक्सेनॉल का अम्ल उत्प्रेरित निर्जलन दो उत्पाद, I तथा II दे सकता है। चूँकि उत्पाद (I) अधिक उच्च प्रतिस्थापित है, इसलिए सेटजेफ नियम के अनुसार यह मुख्य उत्पाद है।


Acid catalyzed dehydration of methylcyclohexanol on reaction with


(ii) ब्यूटेन-1-ऑल का अम्ल उत्प्रेरित निर्जलन मुख्य उत्पाद के रूप में ब्यूट-2-ईन तथा गौण उत्पाद के रूप में ब्यूट-1-ईन उत्पन्न करता है। इसका कारण यह है कि ऐल्कोहॉलों का निर्जलन कार्बोधनायने माध्यमिकों के द्वारा होता है। पुनः ब्यूटेन-1-ऑल 1° ऐल्कोहॉल होने के कारण प्रोटॉनीकरण तथा $H_2O$ के विलोपन पर पहले 1° कार्बोधनायन (I) देता है जो कम स्थायी होने के कारण पुनर्व्यवस्थित होकर अधिक स्थायी 2° कार्बोधनायन (II) बनाता है, तब यह दो भिन्न प्रकारों से प्रोटॉन निकालकर ब्यूट-2-ईन या ब्यूटन-1-ईन बनाता है। चूंकि ब्यूट-2-ईन अधिक स्थायी है, इसलिए सेटजेफ नियम के अनुसार यह मुख्य उत्पाद होता है।


Acid catalyzed dehydration of butan-1-ol on reaction with


8.ऑथों तथा पैरा-नाइट्रोफीनॉल, फीनॉल से अधिक अम्लीय होते हैं। उनके संगत फीनॉक्साइड आयनों की अनुनादी संरचनाएँ बनाइए।
उत्तरः

Showing the resonance structures of ortho and para-nitrophenol and their corresponding phenoxide ions

प्रतिस्थापित फीनॉलों में इलेक्ट्रॉन निष्कासक समूह (electron withdrawing group) जैसे नाइट्रो समूह; फीनॉल की अम्लीय सामर्थ्य को बढ़ा देते हैं। जब ऐसे समूह ऑर्थों एवं पैरा स्थितियों पर उपस्थित होते हैं तो यह प्रभाव अधिक प्रबल हो जाता है। इसका कारण फेनोक्साइड आयन के ऋणायन का प्रभावी विस्थानने (delocalisation) है। अत: फीनॉल की तुलना में 0-तथा p-नाइट्रोफेनॉल अधिक अम्लीय होते हैं।


9. निम्नलिखित अभिक्रियाओं में सम्मिलित समीकरण लिखिए –

(i) राइमर-टीमैन अभिक्रिया

उत्तरः राइमर-टीमैन अभिक्रिया (Reimer-Tiemann Reaction) – फीनॉल की सोडियम हाइड्रोक्साइड की उपस्थिति में क्लोरोफॉर्म के साथ अभिक्रिया से बेंजीन में,—CHO समूह ऑर्थो स्थिति पर प्रवेश कर जाता है। इस अभिक्रिया को राइमर-टीमैन अभिक्रिया कहते हैं।

प्रतिस्थापित मध्यवर्ती बेन्जिल क्लोराइड क्षार की उपस्थिति में अपघटित होकर सैलिसिलैल्डिहाइड बनाता है।


Reiming the Reimer-Tiemann Reaction


(ii) कोल्बे अभिक्रिया अथवा कोल्बे श्मिट अभिक्रिया।उत्तर

उत्तरः कोल्बे अभिक्रिया अथवा कोल्बे श्मिट अभिक्रिया (Kolbe’s Reaction or Kolbe Schmidt Reaction) – फिनोल को सोडियम हाइड्रोक्साइड के साथ अधिकृत करने से बना फेनोक्साइड आयन, फीनॉल की अपेक्षा इलेक्ट्रानरागी एरोमैटिक प्रतिस्थापन अभिक्रिया के प्रति अधिक क्रियाशील होता है। अतः यह $CO_2$ जैसे दुर्बल इलेक्ट्रॉन रागी के साथ इलेक्ट्रॉन रागी प्रतिस्थापन अभिक्रिया करता है। इससे ऑर्थो-हाइड्रोक्सी बेंजोइक अम्ल मुख्य उत्पाद के रूप में प्राप्त होता है।


Representing Kolbe Reaction or Kolbe Schmidt Reaction


10.एथेनॉल एवं 3-मेथिल पेन्टेन-2-ऑल से प्रारम्भ कर 2-एथॉक्सी-3-मेथिल पेन्टेन के विलियमसन संश्लेषण की अभिक्रिया लिखिए –

उत्तर:

Showing the reaction of Williamson synthesis of 2-ethoxy-3-methylpentane starting with ethanol and 3-methylpentane-2-ol


11. 1-मेथॉक्सी-4-नाइट्रो बेंजीन के विरचन के लिए निम्नलिखित अभिकारकों में से कौन-सा युग्म उपयुक्त है और क्यों?


Showing Pair


उत्तरः अभिकारकों के दोनों युग्म उपयुक्त हैं। प्रथम युग्म में, $-NO_2$ समूह के इलेक्ट्रॉन निष्कासक प्रभाव के कारण Br परमाणु सक्रियित होता है। $CH_3ONa$ के नाभिकस्नेही आक्रमण तथा उसके पश्चात NaBr के विलोपन से वांछित ईथर प्राप्त होता है। दूसरे युग्म में, मेथिल ब्रोमाइड पर 4-नाइट्रोफीनॉक्साइड आयन के नाभिकस्नेही आक्रमण द्वारा वांछित ईथर प्राप्त होता है।


12. निम्नलिखित अभिक्रिया से प्राप्त उत्पादों का अनुमान लगाइए –

(i) $\mathbf{CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-O-CH_3}$ + HBr →

उत्तरः ऑक्सीजन से जुड़े दोनों ऐल्किल समूह प्राथमिक हैं, इसलिए Br आयन की अभिक्रिया छोटे ऐल्किल समूह (मेथिल समूह) से होगी तथा प्रोपेन-1-ऑल तथा ब्रोमोमेथेन का निर्माण होगा।


Showing the formation of propan-1-ol and bromomethane


उत्तरः (II) अनुनाद के कारण, $C_6H_5-O$ आबन्ध में कुछ द्विआबन्ध गुण विद्यमान होता है, इसलिए यह $O-C_2H_5$ आबन्ध से प्रबल होता है। अत: दुर्बल $O-C_2H_5$ आबन्ध का विदलन होता है तथा फीनॉल एवं ब्रोमोएथेन प्राप्त होते हैं।


Showing the formation of phenol and bromoethane


 उत्तरः(iii) इलेक्ट्रॉनरागी प्रतिस्थापन में, ऐल्कॉक्सी समूह ऐरोमैटिक वलय को सक्रिय बनाता है तथा प्रवेश करने वाले समूह को 0-तथा p-स्थितियों की ओर निर्दिष्ट करता है। इसलिए एथॉक्सी बेंजीन का नाइट्रीकरण 2-तथा 4-नाइट्रो एथॉक्सी बेंजीन का मिश्रण देता है जिसमें 4-नाइट्रो एथॉक्सी बेंजीन 2-स्थिति पर त्रिविमीय बाधा के कारण मुख्य उत्पादन होता है।


Nitrification of ethoxy benzene showing the formation of a mixture of 2- and 4-nitro ethoxy benzene


(iv) $\mathbf{(CH_3)_3C – OC_2H_5}$ $\mathbf{\underrightarrow { HI }}$

उत्तरः चूंकि एथिल कार्बोधनायन की तुलना में तृतीयक-ब्यूटिल कार्बोधनायन अत्यधिक स्थायी होता है, इसीलिए अभिक्रिया SN 1 क्रियाविधि द्वारा होती है तथा तृतीयक-ब्यूटिल आयोडाइड एवं एथेनॉल निम्नलिखित प्रकार बनते हैं –


Showing the formation of tertiary-butyl iodide and ethanol


NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers in Hindi

Chapter-wise NCERT Solutions are provided everywhere on the internet with an aim to help the students to gain a comprehensive understanding. Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 solution Hindi medium is created by our in-house experts keeping the understanding ability of all types of candidates in mind. NCERT textbooks and solutions are built to give a strong foundation to every concept. These NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 in Hindi ensure a smooth understanding of all the concepts including the advanced concepts covered in the textbook.


NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 in Hindi medium PDF download are easily available on our official website (vedantu.com). Upon visiting the website, you have to register on the website with your phone number and email address. Then you will be able to download all the study materials of your preference in a click. You can also download the Class 12 Chemistry Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers solution Hindi medium from Vedantu app as well by following the similar procedures, but you have to download the app from Google play store before doing that. 


NCERT Solutions in Hindi medium have been created keeping those students in mind who are studying in a Hindi medium school. These NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers in Hindi medium pdf download have innumerable benefits as these are created in simple and easy-to-understand language. The best feature of these solutions is a free download option. Students of Class 12 can download these solutions at any time as per their convenience for self-study purpose. 


These solutions are nothing but a compilation of all the answers to the questions of the textbook exercises. The answers/solutions are given in a stepwise format and very well researched by the subject matter experts who have relevant experience in this field. Relevant diagrams, graphs, illustrations are provided along with the answers wherever required. In nutshell, NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry in Hindi come really handy in exam preparation and quick revision as well prior to the final examinations. 

FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers in Hindi - 2025-26

1. What is the recommended stepwise approach for solving NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers as per CBSE 2025–26 guidelines?

The ideal approach involves the following steps:

  • Read each exercise question carefully and identify the concept type—structural, nomenclature, mechanism, or property-based.
  • Recall relevant definitions and concepts from your NCERT textbook before attempting the solution.
  • For chemical mechanisms and conversions, write every step sequentially, showing reagents and intermediates.
  • Use correct nomenclature and justify your answers with logical chemical reasoning.
  • Review your work to check for completeness and correctness as per CBSE marking scheme.

2. How does the Lucas test help distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols in Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers?

The Lucas test uses a mixture of concentrated HCl and ZnCl2 to identify alcohol types based on reactivity:

  • Tertiary alcohols react instantly, forming turbidity within seconds.
  • Secondary alcohols give turbidity in a few minutes.
  • Primary alcohols react very slowly or not at all at room temperature.
This difference appears due to the stability of the carbocation intermediate formed during the reaction.

3. What are the key IUPAC naming rules for organic compounds in Chapter 11 and common errors students should avoid in NCERT Solutions?

While applying IUPAC nomenclature:

  • Find the longest carbon chain containing the functional group.
  • Number the chain to give the lowest possible number to the functional group.
  • List and number all substituents accurately.
  • Use correct suffixes like '-ol', '-phenol', or '-oxy' where needed.
  • Avoid skipping numbers, misplacing substituents, or using trivial names in final answers.

4. Why are o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol more acidic than phenol according to CBSE Chemistry Guidelines?

Ortho- and para-nitrophenols are more acidic than phenol because the nitro group is an electron-withdrawing group. When this group is at the ortho or para position, it stabilizes the negative charge on the phenoxide ion via resonance and inductive effect. This increases acidity compared to unsubstituted phenol.

5. What is the correct method to write the mechanism for the Reimer–Tiemann reaction in Class 12 Chemistry NCERT Solutions?

Present the mechanism stepwise as follows:

  • Show the formation of phenoxide ion from phenol and NaOH.
  • Depict the reaction of phenoxide with chloroform to generate the dichlorocarbene intermediate.
  • Illustrate the electrophilic substitution at the ortho position to phenol's ring.
  • Conclude with hydrolysis resulting in formation of salicylaldehyde.
Use arrows for electron movement and label intermediates to match CBSE requirements.

6. What are common mistakes students should avoid when balancing chemical equations in Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers NCERT Solutions?

Watch out for:

  • Omitting coefficients in front of molecules, especially in redox reactions.
  • Not balancing hydrogen and oxygen atoms completely.
  • Confusing structural formulas (e.g., writing CH3O instead of CH3OH).
Double-check both sides of the equation to ensure all atoms and charges are balanced as per CBSE standards.

7. How does the Williamson ether synthesis proceed and what are the key points to include in solutions for this method?

Williamson ether synthesis involves:

  • Reacting a primary alkyl halide with a sodium alkoxide (R-O).
  • The alkoxide acts as a nucleophile, attacking the carbon of the alkyl halide (SN2 mechanism).
  • This forms an ether and sodium halide as byproduct.
  • Students should highlight that primary halides are preferred to avoid elimination and ensure a good yield of ether.

8. How do NCERT Solutions for Chapter 11 help students understand the difference between alcohols, phenols, and ethers effectively?

The solutions support conceptual clarity in the following ways:

  • They show how to identify functional groups: alcohols (–OH on sp3 C), phenols (–OH on aromatic ring), and ethers (R–O–R').
  • Stepwise answers explain differences in properties and reactivity through solved examples and mechanisms.
  • Relevant structures and CBSE-aligned marking scheme are used for visual and logical understanding.

9. What role does resonance play in phenol derivatives and how should students represent it in NCERT Solutions?

Resonance in phenol derivatives allows the lone pair on the oxygen atom to delocalize into the aromatic ring, increasing reactivity towards electrophilic substitution. Substituents like nitro or alkyl groups influence the position and reactivity due to their electron-withdrawing or donating effects. Answers should include relevant resonance structures and clear stepwise representation in line with the syllabus.

10. Can students using Hindi Medium NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry expect similar performance as those using English Medium for CBSE 2025–26 exams?

Yes, both Hindi Medium and English Medium NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry strictly follow the CBSE curriculum and exam pattern. The stepwise solutions, concepts covered, and marking scheme are identical in both languages, ensuring that students from either medium are equally prepared for the exam.

11. How can students avoid common misconceptions while using NCERT Solutions for Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers exercises?

To avoid misunderstandings:

  • Pay close attention to structure when identifying alcohols, phenols, or ethers by checking the functional group position.
  • Follow the correct order in reaction mechanisms instead of skipping intermediates.
  • Always double-check nomenclature and balancing in equations before finalizing answers.
  • Justify every step with chemical reasoning as required by the CBSE marking guideline.

12. What if a multi-step organic conversion question is asked from Chapter 11 in the Class 12 Chemistry exam? How should students approach it in NCERT Solutions?

For multi-step conversions:

  • Break the problem into small steps, writing every reaction and intermediate clearly.
  • Label all reagents and conditions used in each transformation.
  • Draw structural formulas for each compound involved.
  • Connect the starting material to the final product logically, following CBSE standards for conversion questions.

13. How should students demonstrate understanding of electrophilic substitution in ethers and phenols using NCERT Solutions?

Students should:

  • Show how electron-donating or withdrawing substituents affect the aromatic ring's reactivity and orientation of incoming groups.
  • Provide resonance diagrams and briefly explain why ortho/para positions are favored in phenols and alkoxybenzenes.
  • Present the complete set of products formed, indicating the major and minor ones based on steric and electronic factors in solution steps.