Class 7 Social Science Chapter 3 Climates of India NCERT Solutions

1. Match the climatic factors with their effects:

Ans:

2. Answer the following questions:

a) What is the difference between weather and climate?

Ans: Weather is what we experience from day to day, like wind, rain, heat, or dryness, and it changes often. Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a region, observed over many years or decades.

b) Why do places near the ocean have milder temperatures than places far away from it?

Ans: The sea moderates the temperature of nearby places, so places near the ocean have cooler summers and milder winters. Inland areas, away from the sea, experience extreme temperatures—very hot summers and very cold winters.

c) What role do monsoon winds play in affecting India’s climate?

Ans: Monsoon winds bring a large amount of moisture to India during summer, causing heavy rainfall that is crucial for crops and water supply. In winter, the winds reverse and bring mostly dry conditions.

d) Why is Chennai warm or hot throughout the year, while Leh is cold?

Ans: Chennai is near the Equator and at sea level, making it warm or hot all year round. Leh is at a high altitude in the Himalayas, so it remains cold throughout the year because temperature decreases with height.

3. Look at a map of India given at the end of this book. Identify the climate for these cities — Leh, Chennai, Delhi, Panaji and Jaipur.

Ans:

1. Leh: Located in the mountains (Himalayas), it has an alpine and cold climate because of high altitude.

2. Chennai: On the coast, near the sea. It has a tropical climate, is hot and humid year-round, and receives heavy rainfall.

3. Delhi: Located inland in the northern plains. It has a subtropical climate with hot summers and cold winters; far from the sea, so temperatures are extreme.

4. Panaji: On the west coast, by the sea. It experiences a tropical wet climate with heavy monsoon rains and mild temperature variations.

5. Jaipur: Situated in the north-west, near the Thar desert. It has an arid climate—very hot summers, cool winters and little rainfall.

• Places in the mountains are cold due to high altitude (Leh).

• Places near the sea are milder and humid (Chennai, Panaji).

• Desert regions are dry and hot with little rainfall (Jaipur).

• Inland plains have extreme temperatures (Delhi).
  

4. Draw the monsoon cycle in summers and winters on a map of India.

(i). Label where the winds blow in summer and winter

(ii). Show the direction of winds during the monsoon
Ans:

In summer, winds blow from the ocean to the land (southwest monsoon), bringing rains. Mark the arrows from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal towards India.

In winter, winds reverse—from land to ocean (northeast monsoon), resulting in dry weather in most regions. Draw arrows from northern India towards the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.

5. Make a colourful poster showing festivals in India linked to farming and weather (e.g., Baisakhi, Onam). Add pictures or drawings of these festivals.
Ans:

Students should draw and decorate a poster displaying festivals such as Baisakhi (North India, harvest festival), Onam (Kerala, linked to harvest), Pongal (Tamil Nadu), Lohri (Punjab), and Makar Sankranti (pan-India), showing how these are celebrated and their connection to agriculture and rainy seasons.

6. Imagine you are a farmer in India. Write a short diary entry about how you would prepare for the rainy season.

Ans: Today I am busy preparing my field before the monsoon arrives. I have cleaned the irrigation channels and bought seeds to sow as soon as the rains start. I also checked the storage area for grains to prevent dampness. The rainy season brings hope for a good harvest.

7. Identify a natural disaster (e.g., cyclone, flood, landslide, or forest fire) and write a short essay that includes the causes and impacts. Suggest actions that individuals, communities and the government can take to reduce the impact.

Ans: Floods are among the most frequent natural disasters, occurring when an excess of water spills over onto normally dry land. They can result from heavy rainfall, overflowing rivers, dam failures, or melting glaciers. In coastal regions, storms and tsunamis can also cause severe flooding.

Floods have devastating effects on people, property, and the environment. They damage homes, roads, and agricultural land, leaving many families displaced. Contaminated floodwater can spread diseases, while the destruction of crops and livestock disrupts food supply and weakens the economy. In extreme cases, floods can lead to loss of life and large-scale displacement.

To minimize flood damage, individuals should avoid constructing houses in flood-prone areas and keep essential emergency supplies ready. Communities can take preventive measures such as building embankments, planting trees, and maintaining clean drainage systems to reduce waterlogging. Governments should strengthen dams, enhance weather forecasting, and offer timely relief to affected populations. Through careful planning and awareness, the adverse effects of floods can be significantly reduced.

Understanding Climates of India: Key Concepts and Tips

The Climates of India chapter helps students explore how diverse geography creates different weather patterns. Focus on learning the major climatic factors like latitude, altitude, and the impact of monsoons for an edge in your exams.

Regular revision of topics such as the role of monsoon winds and natural disasters will make you confident in answering detailed questions. Use diagrams or mind maps to better remember climatic types and their effects on daily life.

Practicing NCERT-based exercise questions sharpens your writing and comprehension skills. Consistent study and focusing on key points will help you score better in Social Science for Class 7.