Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Science Chapter 8 CBSE Notes - 2025-26

Reproduction:

• The process of producing offspring by the parent is called reproduction.

• It is a biological process.

• The offspring produced can and cannot be the exact copy of the parent.

Mode of Reproduction:

• There are two modes of reproduction, asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.

Asexual Reproduction 

• Reproduction that occurs without the involvement of male and female gamete is called asexual reproduction.

• Seed is not produced in this mode of reproduction.

Different Types of the Asexual Reproductions are:

1. Vegetative Propagation

• Reproduction that occurs through vegetative part of the plant i.e., leaves, stems and roots is called vegetation propagation.

• Examples of organism produced by vegetative propagation are:

1. Onion, garlic and tulip are produced by the stems.

2. Sweet Potato and Dahlia are produced by the roots.

3. Bryophyllum is produced by leaves. 

2. Budding 

• Bud is the small bulb-like structure bulging from the yeast cell.

• Bud when it gets detached it develops into a new organism and this process of producing new organism from the bud when it gets detached is called budding.

• Examples of organisms produced by budding are yeast and hydra.

3. Fragmentation

• The process by which organisms get divided into a number of fragments and each fragment develops into a new individual is called fragmentation.

• Fragmentation in spirogyra is an example of this type.

4. Spore Formation

• The process by which organisms get divided into a number of spores and each spore develops into a new individual under favorable conditions is called spore formation.

• Spore formation in fungi, fern and bacteria are some examples of this type. 

Sexual Reproduction

• Reproduction that occurs with the involvement of male and female gametes is called sexual reproduction.

• Male gamete produced by pollen grains and female gamete produced by ovary of the pistil fuses to form a zygote.

• Stigma, style and ovary together forms pistil. 

• Seed is produced in this mode of reproduction.

• This reproduction occurs through the reproductive part of the plant i.e., flower.

• The flower has both male reproductive parts called stamens and female reproductive part called pistil.

• Flowers that has either pistil or stamens is called unisexual flowers and flowers that has both pistil and stamens is called bisexual flowers.

Pollination

• When pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination.

• When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of the same flower it is called self-pollination.

• When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of another flower it is called cross-pollination

Fertilization

• After pollination occurs fertilization, where male and female gamete fuses to form zygote and later zygote develops into embryo.

• After fertilization, fruits are developed by ovary and seeds are developed by ovules.

Seed Dispersal

• The movement of seeds by water, wind and animals is called seed dispersal.

• Examples of the seeds dispersed by animals are xanthium and urena.

• Examples of seed dispersed when the fruit burst with sudden jerk are castor and balsam.

• Seed dispersal is important because it reduces overcrowding of seeds of plants and hence each plant gets an adequate amount of water and sunlight.

Important Topics of Class 7 Chapter 8 Science You Shouldn’t Miss!

Understanding these key topics will provide you with a comprehensive view of how plants reproduce and thrive, ensuring a solid grasp of the chapter's concepts.

1. Introduction to Plant Reproduction:

• Reproduction: Basic understanding of how plants reproduce to ensure the continuation of their species.

2. Types of Reproduction:

• Sexual Reproduction: Involves the formation of seeds through flowers and pollination.

• Asexual Reproduction: Includes methods such as vegetative propagation, where new plants grow from parts of the parent plant.

3. Parts of a Flower:

• Flower Structure: Learn about different parts of a flower (e.g., petals, stamens, pistils) and their roles in reproduction.

• Pollination: Understand how pollen is transferred from the male part (stamen) to the female part (pistil) for fertilisation.

4. Seed Formation and Dispersal:

• Seed Development: Process from fertilisation to seed formation.

• Seed Dispersal: Various methods by which seeds are spread to new locations (e.g., wind, water, animals).

5. Vegetative Propagation:

• Methods: Study different ways plants reproduce asexually, such as through runners, tubers, and cuttings.

• Examples: Common examples of plants that reproduce through vegetative propagation.

6. Importance of Reproduction:

• Survival and Growth: How reproduction ensures the survival and spread of plant species in different environments.

7. Comparison of Reproduction Methods:

• Sexual vs. Asexual: Differences, advantages, and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction in plants.

Importance of Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Notes

1. Understanding Plant Life Cycles:

• Provides insights into how plants reproduce and sustain their species through various methods.

2. Knowledge of Reproductive Processes:

• Covers sexual and asexual reproduction, including the roles of flowers, seeds, and vegetative methods.

3. Foundation for Biology:

• Establishes a basic understanding of plant reproduction that is essential for further studies in plant biology and ecology.

4. Real-Life Applications:

• Helps in understanding practical aspects like plant breeding and agriculture.

5. Exam Preparation:

• Summarises key concepts and processes, aiding in effective revision and exam readiness.

Tips for Learning the Class 7 Science Chapter 8 Reproduction in Plants

Understand Key Concepts:

• Focus on the basics of plant reproduction, including both sexual and asexual methods. Make sure you understand the roles of flowers, seeds, and different reproduction techniques.

Use Diagrams and Visuals:

• Study and draw diagrams of flower structures, seed formation, and methods of vegetative propagation. Visual aids help in better comprehension and retention.

Relate to Real-Life Examples:

• Connect concepts to real-world examples, such as how common plants like strawberries or potatoes reproduce. This makes the learning process more relatable.

Create Flashcards:

• Make flashcards for important terms and processes, such as pollination, seed dispersal, and vegetative propagation. This will help with quick revision.

Summarise Each Section:

• Write brief summaries of each topic covered in the chapter to reinforce your understanding and make it easier to review.

Conclusion

Class 7 Science Chapter 8, Reproduction in Plants, is fundamental for understanding how plants ensure their survival and growth through various reproductive methods. By studying both sexual and asexual reproduction, including the roles of flowers, seeds, and vegetative propagation, you gain valuable insights into plant biology. Utilising diagrams, real-life examples, and regular review will enhance your comprehension and retention of these concepts. This chapter not only prepares you for exams but also provides a solid foundation for further studies in plant science and related fields.

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