Early Life and Education of Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of independent India. He played a central role in shaping modern India and worked for the freedom of the country from British rule. In 2025, students and people across India still study his life and values to understand leadership, unity, and the progress of the nation. Learning about Jawaharlal Nehru helps us understand Indian history and inspires us to work for a better society.
Quick Facts
| Field | Detail |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru |
| Born | 14 November 1889, Allahabad (now Prayagraj), India |
| Died (if applicable) | 27 May 1964, New Delhi, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Profession or Role | Political Leader, Prime Minister |
| Known For | First Prime Minister of India, Freedom Fighter |
Early Life and Family
Jawaharlal Nehru was born on 14 November 1889 in Allahabad, which is now known as Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. His father’s name was Motilal Nehru, a well-known lawyer and leader, and his mother’s name was Swarup Rani Thussu. Nehru grew up in a rich and educated family. His family came from the Kashmiri Pandit community. He was the only son and had two sisters named Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and Krishna Hutheesing. This early family environment of learning and discussion greatly shaped his later life.
Education
Jawaharlal Nehru’s education began at home with private tutors. He learned many subjects and became interested in science because of his tutor, Ferdinand T. Brooks. At the age of 13, he joined the Theosophical Society. Later, he went to England for higher education. First, he attended Harrow School in London and then Trinity College, Cambridge, where he earned an honours degree in natural science in 1910. He completed his law studies at the Inner Temple in London and became a barrister in 1912. Learning from different teachers and places helped him develop a modern vision and deep understanding of the world.
Career and Major Works
After returning to India, Jawaharlal Nehru started practicing law but soon moved towards national politics. He joined the Indian National Congress and became active in the freedom movement. He supported Mahatma Gandhi’s ideas and played a role in many important events. Nehru helped raise funds for Indians in South Africa and protested against injustices. He was arrested several times during his protests. As the leader of India, he introduced many reforms and focused on education and children's welfare.
- Became Congress President in 1929; called for "Purna Swaraj" or complete independence.
- Sworn in as the first Prime Minister of India in 1947; delivered the famous "Tryst with Destiny" speech.
Key Contributions and Achievements
Jawaharlal Nehru’s work changed the face of India. He built a foundation for democracy and scientific progress. Important years such as 1947 and 1950 shaped Indian history forever.
- Set up new schools and scientific institutions like IITs and IIMs, helping lakhs of students.
- Introduced the Five-Year Plans to boost agriculture and industry, making the economy stronger.
Awards and Honors
| Award or Recognition | Year | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Bharat Ratna | 1955 | For his outstanding service to the nation as the first Prime Minister. |
Timeline
| Year | Milestone |
|---|---|
| 1889 | Born in Allahabad (Prayagraj). |
| 1912 | Returned to India as a barrister after studying in England. |
| 1947 | Became the first Prime Minister of independent India. |
| 1950 | Oversaw adoption of the Indian Constitution. |
| 1964 | Passed away in New Delhi on 27 May. |
Influence and Legacy
Jawaharlal Nehru helped India become a democratic and secular country. He encouraged scientific learning and girls’ education. Many students remember him on Children’s Day, celebrated on his birthday every year. Today, his vision inspires leaders to build a fair and modern society for all.
Notable Quotes
- “Time is not measured by the passing of years but by what one does, what one feels, and what one achieves.”
- “Citizenship consists in the service of the country.”
Interesting Facts
- Jawaharlal Nehru's birthday, 14 November, is celebrated as Children's Day in India.
- His only child, Indira Gandhi, also became Prime Minister in 1966.
Jawaharlal Nehru continues to inspire students and leaders in 2025 through his vision of a modern, fair, and strong India. By learning about his dedication to freedom, justice, and education, students see the value of service and unity. The story of Jawaharlal Nehru helps us realize how one person's efforts can guide a whole country towards progress and hope.
FAQs on Jawaharlal Nehru: Biography, Childhood, Achievements and Legacy
1. Why do we Celebrate Jawahar Lal Nehru’s Birthday as Children’s Day?
Jawahar Lal Nehru’s birthday, 14th November, is celebrated as Children’s Day in India to honor his love and affection towards children. He believed children are the real strength and future of a nation. The day promotes awareness about children’s rights, care, and education. Schools and institutions organize cultural programs, and many children dress as 'Chacha Nehru' with a red rose to pay tribute.
3. Explain the Education History of Jawahar Lal Nehru?
Jawaharlal Nehru received a well-rounded and international education. He started with private tutors at home, then attended Harrow School in London, followed by Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated with honours in natural science in 1910. He then studied law at the Inner Temple, London, and qualified as a barrister in 1912. This blend of Indian and Western education shaped his worldview and leadership style.
4. When did Jawaharlal Nehru become the first Prime Minister of India?
Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of independent India on 15th August 1947. He took the oath of office on the day India gained freedom and famously delivered the Tryst with Destiny speech, encouraging unity and progress for the nation.
5. Which awards did Jawaharlal Nehru receive during his lifetime?
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1955, which is India's highest civilian honor. He received it for his remarkable service as the nation’s first Prime Minister and for leading India towards democracy, modernization, and inclusive growth.
7. Why is Jawaharlal Nehru called ‘Chacha Nehru’?
Jawaharlal Nehru is fondly called 'Chacha Nehru' because of his deep affection for children. He believed children are the foundation of a strong nation and advocated for their well-being, care, and education. His birthday is celebrated as Children’s Day in India every year.
9. What is Jawaharlal Nehru’s legacy in modern India?
Jawaharlal Nehru’s legacy endures as the architect of modern, secular, and democratic India. He promoted scientific progress, economic self-reliance, and education. Institutions, policies, and the spirit of unity he established continue to inspire leaders and students nationwide.
10. When and how did Jawaharlal Nehru pass away?
Jawaharlal Nehru passed away on 27th May 1964 in New Delhi, India, due to a heart attack. His funeral was attended by millions, and he was cremated at Shantivan, Delhi. Nehru’s passing marked the end of an era for independent India.
12. What was Jawaharlal Nehru’s ideology and political vision?
Nehru’s political vision centered on democracy, secularism, socialism, and modernization. He advocated non-alignment in foreign policy, equal opportunities for all citizens, rapid industrialization, and scientific development, aiming to build a united and progressive Indian society.
