Important Questions for CBSE Class 8 Social Science Our Past 3 Chapter 10 - India After Independence

Very Short Answer Questions                                                                     1 Mark

1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) The subjects placed in the Union List were __________, ___________ and __________.

Ans: Defence, taxes and foreign affairs

(ii) The subjects in the Concurrent List were ___________ and ___________.     

Ans:Forest, agriculture                                                            

(iii) The economic planning where both states and the private sector play an important role in the development is known as____________.                                                         

Ans:Mixed Economy

(iv) The death of _____________  caused the violent protest and forced the government to provide for the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Ans: Potti Sriramulu

2. State True or False

(i) The majority of Indians lived in the villages at the time of Independence.

Ans: True

(ii) The members of the Constituent Assembly were from the Congress Party.

Ans: False

(iii) Only the men were given the right to vote in the first national election.

Ans: False

(iv) The focus of the Second Five Year plan was on the development of the heavy industry.

Ans: True

3. Match the following

Ans: 

4. Choose the correct option

(i) The Bhilai Steel Plant is located in____________.

1. Maharashtra

2. Tamil Nadu

3. Punjab

4. Chhattisgarh

Ans: Chattisgarh

(ii) ____________Dam is present in Madhya Pradesh.

1. Hemant Sagar

2. Kokila

3. Gandhi Sagar

4. Arjun   

Ans: Gandhi Sagar 

5. Define the following

(i) State List

Ans: The subjects on which states have the exclusive power to make laws are included in the State Lists.

(ii) Concurrent List

Ans: The subjects on which both the centre and the state have the power to make laws are included in the Concurrent Lists.

Short Answer Questions                                                                             2 Marks

1. Why did Potti Sriramulu go on hunger strike?

Ans: Potti Sriramulu went on a hunger strike to demand the construction of an Andhra state that would defend Telugu speakers' rights and be based on linguistic principles.

2. Discuss the points of the Second Five Year Plan.

Ans: The Second Five Year Plan mainly focussed on the development of heavy industries such as steel and building large dams.

3. Discuss the basic objectives of foreign policies of Independent India.

Ans: Non-alignment was the primary goal of independent India's foreign policy. It meant that India will not be joining or aligning with any major powers of the world at that time.

4. What were the problems that Nehru talked about?

Ans: Nehru talked about the problems associated with the Muslim minorities after the independence of India.

5. What are the two subjects of the Concurrent List?

Ans: Agriculture and forest are the two subjects of the Concurrent List.

Short Answer Questions                                                                             3 Marks

1. What were the problems faced by India just after independence?

Ans: The problems faced by India just after independence were-

(i) Refugees- after the partition of India nearly 8 million refugees came from Pakistan to India. They did not have homes and a source of income. The government’s responsibilities were to provide shelters with jobs.

(ii) Princely States- there were almost 500 hundred princely states which were ruled by maharajas or nawabs. They all decided to join the nation which put the responsibilities on the government. 

2. Discuss the role of the Planning Commission in the Indian economy.

Ans: In the year 1950, the Planning Commission was established. The Commission mainly focussed on planning Five Year Plans for the development of the Indian economy. Indians adopted a mixed economy model where both the private and government will be there to control the economy so planning was needed in order to cope up with the emerging independent nation.

3. Discuss the issue of unifying the people after India got its independence.

Ans: There were many issues with the government after India got independence and each issue needed serious attention to be resolved. The issue of the minority living in India, their rights and their status needed to be resolved. The issues of Adivasis and giving them the status was a tough task, caste issues, refugees issues, princely states issues amongst these there were many issues in unifying the people of India. 

4. Discuss the privileges given to the lower caste and poor people at the time of the independence.

Ans: The privileges are given to the lower castes and the poor people at the time of independence were- 

1. Abolition of Untouchability- a certain group of low castes were known as Harijans and they were also called untouchables. They used to work under the higher castes and were not allowed to enter temples. The untouchability was abolished and they were allowed to enter the temples.

2. Seats in the Legislature- a percentage of seats in the legislature was fixed for the poor sections of the society.

3. Upliftment of the Adivasis- Adivasis are also known as Scheduled Tribes. They were also granted reservation of seats in the legislature and the reserved quota in government jobs.

5. Why was India divided into linguistic lines after independence?

Ans: Indian independence divided India into two on religious grounds which caused the death of lakhs of people in both countries. The Indian National Congress promised the people that after independence each major linguistic group would have their own provinces. But after the independence the government was not ready to divide India into linguistic lines, still, certain movements led to the division of the provinces on the grounds of language.

Long Answer Questions                                                                               5 Marks

1. What was the motto of saying “In politics we have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality” by Dr Ambedkar?

Ans: Dr Ambedkar himself belonged to the backward caste and he knew the condition of the backward or untouchables. The motto behind saying the line “In politics we have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality” was that no matter even if we give reservations in the Constitution to the backward castes or the weaker sections, we will not be able to eliminate the situation economically and improve their image in the society. The inequality will remain. Due to democracy, the Constitution would give backwards various rights but the real situation would only improve when the people start accepting the backward class and they get equal pay like others. 

2. How did the English language continue after independence and the Hindi language also find its place after all the hurdles?

Ans: India has many languages due to which there was a debate in the Constituent Assembly towards the use of the language. English was considered a foreign language and many suggested that it should go with the British but by that time English was also a necessary language in dealing with the rest of the world. The other group suggested the use of the Hindi language which was again opposed by the people of the South Indian states. After a long discussion it was decided that Hindi will be made the ‘official language’ of India and English would be used in courts, services and other places of communication.

3. Discuss the economic development of India after independence. What role did the Planning Commission play in the development?

Ans: The economic development of India was a great challenge to the government. India had a large population and refugees as well and it had to look towards the condition of everyone such as removing poverty, generating jobs, improving economic conditions, etc. The Planning Commission was set up in 1950 with an objective to come up with various economic policies for development. India adopted a mixed economy model where both the state and the government played an important role in the economy so the Planning commission helped in creating a balance between the two. In 1956, the Second Five-Year Plan was adopted, focusing on the expansion of heavy steel industries and the construction of dams. These all policies and plans helped in the economic development of India.

4. Write in brief about Mira Behn, her life and the ideas expressed by her. 

Ans: Mira Behn (1892-1982) was the daughter of a high-class navy officer in the British Navy.  Her real name was Madeleine Slade, she was deeply influenced by the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. She came to India in 1925 to live in the ashram of Mahatma Gandhi and became his disciple. After reaching India Gandhiji gave her the nickname ‘Mirabehn’. She learned Hindi and spent time spinning cotton. She accompanied Gandhiji in his visits to the different places and took care of his personal needs. She was very active in spreading the principle of nonviolence and played an important role in India's independence. She was arrested many times. She also set up an ashram in Rishikesh following the principle of Gandhiji and participated in various community projects. She lived in India for 34 years. She was awarded the Padma Vibhushan medal; she returned back to her home and lived the rest of her life in Vienna. 

5. Write in detail about the creation of Bangladesh.

Ans: India was divided on the grounds of religion; the Muslim majority area went to Pakistan. Bangladesh had a Muslim majority and it was known as East Pakistan before its independence and Pakistan was known as West Pakistan. The West Pakistanis considered the East Pakistani as inferior to them. West Pakistan had Urdu as their official language but the East Pakistani people spoke Bengali. These all created differences between them and led to the civil war between the two Pakistan groups. Pakistan attacked Bangladesh and began arresting people and later on India stepped in and supported Bangladesh in the war and defeated Pakistan in 1971. Hence, Bangladesh became an independent country.

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