Important Questions For Class 12 Macro Economics - 2025-26

Below are 10 Important Questions from Class 12 Macro Economics chapters that are Important for preparing well and understanding concepts easily.

1. What is macroeconomics?

Ans: Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that studies the behaviour and performance of an economy as a whole. It focuses on aggregate measures such as national income, unemployment rates, inflation, and gross domestic product (GDP). Unlike microeconomics, which examines individual units like households and firms, macroeconomics looks at overall economic factors and policies. By analysing macroeconomic indicators, economists can understand the economy's health and guide policy decisions.

2. What are the main components of national income?

Ans: National income is calculated using several key components:

• Consumption: Total spending by households on goods and services.

• Investment: Expenditure on capital goods that will be used for future production.

• Government Spending: Total government expenditure on public services and infrastructure.

• Net Exports: The difference between exports (goods sold abroad) and imports (goods purchased from other countries).

These components help provide a comprehensive picture of a nation's economic activity and growth.

3. How is GDP measured?

Ans: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) can be measured using three main approaches:

• Production Approach: Measures the total value of goods and services produced in an economy.

• Income Approach: Calculates GDP by adding all incomes earned by factors of production, including wages, rents, interest, and profits.

• Expenditure Approach: Sums up all expenditures made in the economy, represented by the formula: GDP = C + I + G + (X - M), where C is consumption, I is an investment, G is government spending, X is exported, and M is imported. Each approach should yield the same GDP value.

4. What is the significance of the money supply in an economy?

Ans: The money supply refers to the total amount of money available in an economy at a particular time. It is significant because it influences interest rates, inflation, and overall economic activity. A higher money supply can lower interest rates, encouraging borrowing and spending, which can stimulate economic growth. Conversely, a lower money supply may lead to higher interest rates, reducing borrowing and spending, and potentially slowing economic growth. Central banks manage the money supply through monetary policy to achieve economic stability.

5. What factors determine the level of income and employment in an economy?

Ans: The level of income and employment in an economy is influenced by several factors:

• Aggregate Demand: The total demand for goods and services in the economy; higher demand can lead to increased production and employment.

• Production Capacity: The economy's ability to produce goods and services, which depends on resources like labour and capital.

• Government Policies: Fiscal and monetary policies can impact employment and income levels by influencing spending and investment.

• Technological Advances: Innovations can improve productivity, potentially increasing income and changing employment patterns. Understanding these factors helps policymakers design effective strategies for economic growth.

6. What is the government budget, and why is it important?

Ans: The government budget is a financial plan that outlines expected revenues and expenditures for a specific period, usually a fiscal year. It is important because it helps allocate resources to various sectors like education, healthcare, and infrastructure. A well-structured budget can influence economic stability by managing inflation and unemployment through fiscal policy. It reflects the government’s priorities and is essential for economic planning and decision-making, ensuring that funds are used effectively to meet public needs.

7. What is inflation, and what are its types?

Ans: Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, eroding purchasing power. There are several types of inflation:

• Demand-Pull Inflation: Occurs when demand for goods and services exceeds supply, leading to higher prices.

• Cost-Push Inflation: Results from rising production costs, such as wages and raw materials, which push prices up.

• Built-In Inflation: Linked to adaptive expectations, where businesses and workers expect rising prices and adjust their prices and wages accordingly. Understanding inflation is crucial for economic policy and planning.

8. What are the key features of an open economy?

Ans: An open economy interacts freely with other economies around the world. Key features include:

• Trade: The exchange of goods and services with other countries, which can lead to increased market access and competition.

• Capital Mobility: The ability to move financial resources across borders for investment opportunities.

• Exchange Rates: The value of a country's currency to others, affecting trade and investment flows.

• Globalisation: Increased interconnectedness and interdependence of economies, influenced by trade agreements and international policies. Open economies can benefit from specialisation and comparative advantage.

9. How does the central bank control inflation?

Ans: The central bank controls inflation primarily through monetary policy tools, including:

• Interest Rate Adjustments: Raising interest rates can reduce borrowing and spending, cooling off inflationary pressures. Lowering rates can stimulate the economy but may increase inflation.

• Open Market Operations: Buying or selling government securities affects the money supply. Selling securities can reduce the money supply and control inflation.

• Reserve Requirements: Changing the reserve ratio impacts how much money banks can lend, influencing the money supply and inflation. These tools help maintain price stability and support economic growth.

10. What is the relationship between unemployment and inflation?

Ans: The relationship between unemployment and inflation is often described by the Phillips Curve, which suggests that there is an inverse relationship between the two. When unemployment is low, inflation tends to be high because demand for goods and services increases, driving prices up. Conversely, high unemployment usually leads to lower inflation as demand decreases. However, this relationship can be complex, and factors such as supply shocks and expectations can alter it, making it important for policymakers to consider multiple economic indicators when addressing unemployment and inflation.

Here are important questions for Class 12 Macro Economics. For a better understanding of each chapter, please refer to the Chapter-wise Important Questions table. This resource will assist you in understanding the key concepts and important questions in each chapter and preparing effectively for your exams.

How do Macro Economics Important Questions Class 12 Help you with Exams?

• Macro Economics Important Questions for Class 12 are vital for exam preparation, as they highlight key topics, helping students focus their studies effectively.

• Practising these questions deepens understanding of macroeconomic principles, such as national income, inflation, and government policies.

• They provide guidance on how to frame well-structured answers, which is crucial for scoring higher marks.

• By attempting these questions, students can pinpoint areas where they need more practice or clarification.

• Working through important questions helps students become familiar with the types of questions they might encounter in the exam.

• Regular practice improves confidence, making students feel more prepared and less anxious on exam day.

• Overall, these resources are invaluable for scoring the subject and achieving better exam results.

Why Practising Macro Economics Class 12 Chapter-Wise Important Questions Is Important?

Practising Macro Economics Class 12 chapter-wise important questions is one of the smartest ways to prepare for the board exam. Instead of randomly revising the entire syllabus, you focus on the most important and high-weightage areas from each chapter.

Here’s why it really helps:

• Macroeconomics includes important topics like National Income, Money and Banking, Government Budget, Balance of Payments, and Income Determination. When you solve chapter-wise important questions, you understand how these concepts are connected and how they are tested in exams.

• Many chapters include calculations and formula-based questions. Regular practice improves your speed, reduces mistakes, and helps you present step-wise solutions as per the CBSE marking scheme.

• Important questions are usually selected based on previous year trends and board paper patterns. Practising them gives you a clear idea of frequently asked questions and answer formats that fetch full marks.

• Chapter-wise important questions allow you to revise unit by unit. This structured preparation is especially useful during pre-boards and last-minute revision.

• When you have already practised the most expected questions, you walk into the exam hall feeling prepared and confident instead of stressed.

Vedantu's CBSE Class 12 Chapter-wise Macro Economics Important Questions are a helpful resource for students who want to do well in their studies. By focusing on key ideas and topics from textbooks like NCERT, these questions strengthen understanding and help students prepare for exams. Working with these important questions enhances critical thinking and increases confidence, making sure students are ready for their assessments. Using this resource will not only help with academic success but also raise interest in macroeconomics as a subject.

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