Important Questions for CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 12 - Magnetic Effects of Electric Current 2024-25

Very Short Answer Questions                                          (1 Mark)

1. Magnetic field lines determine

1. The shape of magnetic field

2. Only the direction of magnetic field

3. Only the relative strength of the magnetic field

4. Both the direction and the relative strength of magnetic field

Ans: (d) Both the direction and the relative strength of magnetic field

2. A device for producing electric current is called a

1. Galvanometer

2. Motor

3. Generator

4. Ammeter

Ans: (c) Generator

3. At the time of short circuit, the current in the circuit

1. vary continuously

2. reduced considerably

3. increases heavily

4. does not change

Ans: (c) increases heavily

4. Figure shows the magnetic field lines between the two faces A and B of two magnets.

1. Both faces A and B of two bar magnets are North pole.

2. Both faces A and B of two bar magnets are South pole.

3. Face A is south pole while face B is north pole.

4. None of the above.

Ans: (d) None of the above.

5. The magnetic field near a long straight wire is described by

1. Straight field lines parallel to the wire.

2. Straight field lines perpendicular to the wire.

3. Connective circle centred on the wire.

4. Radial field lines starting from the wire.

Ans: (c) Connective circle centred on the wire.

6. A current carrying conductor placed in magnetic field experiences a force. The displacement of the conductor in magnetic field can be increased by

1. Decreasing the magnetic field.

2. Decreasing the current in the conductor.

3. Increasing the magnetic field.

4. None of the above.

Ans: (c) Increasing the magnetic field.

7. A positively charged particle say an alpha particle projected towards west is deflected toward north by a magnetic field. The direction of the magnetic field is

1. upward

2. downward

3. towards south

4. towards east

Ans: (a) upward

8. Which of the following properties of a proton can change when it moves freely in a magnetic field?

1. mass

2. speed

3. velocity

4. momentum

Ans: (c) velocity and (d) momentum

9. The direction of the magnetic field at a point P above the wire carrying current as shown in the figure is

1. down the page

2. up the page

3. into the page

4. out of the page

Ans: (d) out of the page

10. Concentric circles with arrows centred at the wire AB are shown in figure.

1. no current in AB

2. current flows from B to A

3. current – flows from A to B

4. none of these

Ans: (b) current flows from B to A

11. Electric motor converts

1. Mechanical energy into electrical energy

2. Mechanical energy into heat energy

3. Electrical energy into heat energy

4. Electrical energy into mechanical energy

Ans: (d) Electrical energy into mechanical energy

12. Potential difference between a live wire and a neutral wire is

1. 200 volt

2. 150 volt

3. 210 volt

4. 220 volt

Ans: (d) 220 volt.

13. The most important safety device method used for protecting electrical appliances from short circuiting or overloading is

1. earthing

2. use of stabilizer

3. use of electric meter

4. fuse

Ans: (d) fuse

14. Forces acting on a stationary charge of in the magnetic field B is

1. BQ v

2. BQ/v

3. Bv/Q

4. Zero

Ans: (d) zero

15. The rectangular coil of copper wires is rotated in a magnetic field. The direction of induced current change once in each

1. one revolution

2. one fourth revolution

3. half revolution

4. two revolutions

Ans: (c) half revolution

16. Choose the correct option:

1. The magnetic field inside a long straight solenoid-carrying current is zero.

2. Decrease as we move towards its end.

3. Increase as we move towards it end.

4. Is the same all points.

Ans: (d) Is the same at all points.

17. Name some sources of direct current.

Ans: A cell, a battery, and a D.C. generator are all examples of direct current sources.

18. The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction is

1. the process of charging a body.

2. the process of generating magnetic field due to a current passing through a coil.

3. producing induced current in a coil due to relative motion between a magnet and the coil.

4. the process of rotating a coil at an electric motor.

Ans: (c) producing induced current in a coil due to relative motion between a magnet and the coil.

19. The essential difference between A.C. generator and a D.C. generator is that

1. A.C. generator has an electromagnet while a D.C. generator has permanent magnet.

2. D.C. generator will generate a higher voltage

3. A.C. generator will generate a higher voltage

4. A.C. generator has slip rings while the D.C. generator has commentator.

Ans: (d) A.C. generator has slip rings while the D.C. generator has commentator.

20. In which position the force on conductor is maximum when it uniform magnetic field? is placed in

Ans: When the conductor is parallel to the field

21. How can it be shown that magnetic field exist around a wire carrying current?

Ans: By using a magnetic compass that displays deflection.

22. How can a solenoid be used to magnet a steel bar?

Ans: By placing a steel bar into the solenoid and turning on the electricity.

23. Why can’t two magnetic field lines ever intersect?

Ans: If this is the case, there will be two separate magnetic field directions at the site of intersection, which is not feasible.

24. Can 5A fuse be used in wire carrying 15 A current? Why?

Ans: Because they'd both be useless at managing the quantity of current flowing if that happened.

25. Give the factors that affect strength of magnetic field at a point due to a straight conductor carrying current.

Ans: Perpendicular distance between that point and the conductor, magnitude of electric content.

26. Where do we connect a fuse: with live wire or with neutral wire?

Ans: It is always wired with live electricity.

27. Name any two devices which use permanent magnets.

Ans: Loudspeaker, Motor, Galvanometer, voltmeter.

28. Draw the magnetic field lines representing uniform magnetic field.

Ans: 

29. If the frequency of A.C. is 50 Hz. Then how many times it is changing its direction in 1 second

Ans: 100 Times will be changing its direction in a second.

30. What is the pattern of the magnetic field lines around a straight conductor carrying current?

Ans: Concentric circles

31. If the current is flowing in the direction of advancement of screw, then what is the direction of magnetic field lines?

Ans: Magnetic field will be directed inwards.

32. How can you say that the magnetic field is uniform inside the solenoid?

Ans: Because the field lines inside the solenoid are parallel.

33. Which property of a proton will change while it moves freely in a magnetic field?

Ans: Momentum or Velocity.

34. According to Flemings right hand rule, which part of right hand indicate the movement of conductor?

Ans: Thumb

35. If the no. of turns of a circular current carrying coil are doubled, then how will the magnetic field produced by it changes?

Ans: Doubled

Short Answer Questions                                         (2 Marks)

1. State two properties of magnetic lines of force?

Ans: The two properties of magnetic lines of force are-

i. The strength of the magnetic field is proportional to the closeness of the lines.

ii. They can never cross i.e. the field is unique at any point in space.

2. Why does a compass needle deflect when brought near a bar magnet?

Ans: A compass needle deflected when brought near a bar magnet due to the magnetic field of the bar magnet.

3. The magnetic field lines in a given region are uniform. Draw a diagram to represent.

Ans: The magnetic field lines in a given region are uniform when they are represented in the same direction.

4. Write two ways to induce current in a coil?

Ans: The two ways to induce current in a coil are-

i. By moving a bar magnet toward or away from the coil current is induced.

ii. By moving a coil rapidly between the two poles of a horseshoe magnet.

5. Draw magnetic field lines around a bar magnet? Give one point of difference between uniform and non- uniform magnetic field.

Ans: The magnetic field lines around a bar magnet is as follows:

Uniform magnetic field lines are parallel but non- uniform magnetic field lines are non-parallel.

6. Why do not two magnetic field lines intersect each other?

Ans: If two magnetic field lines intersect each other then there will be two directions of magnetic field, which is not possible. Thus, they do not intersect each other.

7. Name and state rule used to determine the direction of magnetic field produced around a straight conductor carrying current?

Ans: Right hand thumb rule is used to determine the direction of magnetic field produced around a straight conductor carrying current. It states that if we hold the current-carrying conductor in our right hand such that the thumb points the direction of the current, then the direction in which the fingers encircle, gives the direction of magnetic lines.

8. What is electric fuse? Where is it connected in a circuit?

Ans: Electric fuse is a safety device which is used to limit the current in an electric circuit which is made up of a wire made of copper or aluminium or a tin lead alloy. It is always connected in series at the beginning of the circuit.

9. State the factors on which strength of magnetic field at a point due to a current carrying conductor depends?

Ans: The factors on which strength of magnetic field at a point due to a current carrying conductor depends are-

i. It is directly proportional to the amount of current (I) flowing through the conductor.

ii. It is inversely proportional to the distance (r) from the current carrying conductor.

10. What is an electromagnet? Write two uses of an electromagnet?

Ans: They are the type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current i.e. when current is passed through a solenoid it behaves as a magnet and is called an electromagnet. 

The two uses of an electromagnet are-

i. Used in electrical devices like motors, generators etc.

ii. Used to lift heavy iron pieces.

11. State and define S.I unit of magnetic field?

Ans: The S.I unit of magnetic field is Tesla (T). It states that 1meter long conductor carrying 1 ampere current experiences 1 Newton force, when placed perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field then the magnetic field strength is 1 Tesla.

12. A current carrying conductor is placed perpendicular to the uniform magnetic field. What happens to displacement of the conductor if

i. strength of current increases

Ans: The displacement of the conductor will increase on increasing the strength of current.

ii. If horseshoe magnet is replaced by a weak horse shoe magnet.

Ans: The displacement of the conductor will decrease on using a weak horseshoe magnet.

13. Draw magnetic field around a bar magnet.

Ans: The magnetic field around a bar magnet is as follows:

14. Why don’t two magnetic lines of force intersect each other?

Ans: If two magnetic field lines intersect each other then there will be two directions of magnetic field, which is not possible. Thus, they do not intersect each other.

15. Consider a circular loop of wire lying in the plane of the table. Let the current pass through the loop clockwise. Apply the right-hand rule to find out the direction of the magnetic field inside and outside the loop.

Ans: According to the right-hand rule inside the loop, the magnetic field lines are directed perpendicular to the plane of paper in the inward direction while outside the loop magnetic field lines are directed out of the plane paper.

16. What is the role of the split ring in an electric motor?

Ans: Split ring is used for reversing the direction of current in the coil. It acts as a commutator i.e., the direction of current flowing in the motor coil reverses after half turn, giving rise to a continuous rotation of the coil and the axle.

17. State the principle of an electric generator.

Ans: The principle of an electric generator is electromagnetic induction i.e., When a rectangular coil is rotated in a uniform magnetic field, an induced emf is generated between the ends of the coil.

18. Which sources produce alternating current?

Ans: The sources that produce alternating current are-

• House generators

• Car alternators

• Bicycle dynamos

• Hydroelectric Power Plants 

• Thermal power generators

• Nuclear power generators, 

• AC generators etc.

19. Name two safety measures commonly used in electric circuits and appliances.

Ans: The two safety measures commonly used in electric circuits and appliances are-

• use of earth wire and proper earthing.

• use of fuse or MCB.

20. State whether the following statements are true or false.

a. An electric motor converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Ans: False

b. An electric generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

Ans: True

c. The field at the centre of a long circular coil carrying current will be parallel straight line

Ans: True

d. A wire with green insulation is usually the live wire of an electric supply.

Ans: False

21. When is the force experienced by a current-carrying conductor placed in magnetic field largest?

Ans: When the conductor is placed with its length in a direction perpendicular to that of the magnetic field then the force experienced by a current-carrying conductor placed in the magnetic field largest.

22. Name some devices in which electric motors are used.

Ans: Electric motors are used in all devices where we want to convert electrical energy into Mechanical energy. Some devices in which electric motors are used are-

• Water pumps

• Computers

• Coolers

• Washing machines etc

23. When does an electric short circuit occur?

Ans: An electric short circuit occurs when the current in the circuit rises rapidly and the electrical connection draws an excessive amount of current from the supply it is because if either the insulation of wires used in an electric circuit is damaged or there is a fault in the appliances, live wire and neutral wire may come in direct contact.

24. Why is the earth pin thicker and longer than the live and the neutral pins?

Ans: The earth pin is made longer so that even by mistake it cannot be inserted into the hole for the live or neutral connection of the socket or it gets connected to the earth terminal earlier than the live and neutral pins and it is made thicker so that it does not enter into the live or neutral sockets. 

25. A current-carrying straight conductor is placed in the east-west direction. What will be the direction of the force experienced by this conductor due to earth’s magnetic field? How will this force get affected? 

a. reversing the direction of flow of current

Ans: The direction of earth’s magnetic field is from south to north and if current is from west to east. Therefore, force is vertically upwards. By reversing the direction of current, the direction of force will be reversed i.e., vertically downwards.

b. doubling the magnitude of current

Ans: The direction of earth’s magnetic field is from south to north and if current is from west to east. Therefore, force is vertically upwards. By doubling the magnitude of current the magnitude of the force is doubled.

26. Give two uses of electromagnets.

Ans: The two uses of electromagnets are-

i. Used in electrical devices like motors, generators etc.

ii. Used to lift heavy iron pieces.

27. A straight wire carrying electric current is moving out of plane of paper and is perpendicular to it. What is the direction and type of induced magnetic field?

Ans: If a straight wire carrying electric current is moving out of the plane of paper and is perpendicular to it then the induced magnetic field will be in the form of concentric circles in the plane of paper.

28. Why does the bulk of iron filings stick to the ends of a bar magnet and not at its centre?

Ans: Since at the ends magnetic strength is maximum and at canters magnetic strength is least. Therefore, the bulk of iron filings slick to the ends of a bar magnet and not at its centre.

29. A student draws three magnetic field lines 1,2 and 3 of a bar magnet with the help of a compass needle as shown in figure.

a. Is this configuration possible?

Ans: No, this configuration is not possible.

b. If not, what is

Ans: Because two field lines cannot intersect, and the direction of some field lines are wrong.

30. Suppose you are sifting in a room facing one of the wall. An electron beam moving horizontally from your back goes towards the wall in front you deflected to our left, what is the direction of magnetic field in the room?

Ans: The direction of the magnetic field in the room will be vertically upward.

31. A current through a horizontal power line flows in north to south direction. What is the direction of magnetic field directly above it? 

i. at a point directly below it and

Ans: The direction of the magnetic field is West to East.

ii. at a point

Ans: The direction of the magnetic field is East to West.

32. Electric appliances like electric -press, toaster, fans etc are connected to electric mains through three-pin plug. Why?

Ans: Electric appliances are connected to three pin plugs because heavy appliances require earth wire to prevent short circuiting and to prevent users from getting shock in case of leakage of any current.

Short Answer Questions                                                           (3 Marks)

1. What is the function of an earth wire? Why is it necessary to earth metallic casing of electric appliances?

Ans: The earth wire is used for the safety measures that have green insulation and is connected to a metal plate deep in the earth near our houses.  Appliances like the electric press, toaster, table fan, refrigerator, etc have the metallic body that needs to connect to the earth wire this will provide a low resistance path for the. Thus, if any leakage of current occurs to the metallic body of the appliance it keeps potential to that of the earth, and this may prevent the severe electric shock.

2. We know a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experience a force due to which the conductor moves. How do we think the rod displaces if

(a) current in the rod is increased

Ans: Force acting on the current-carrying conductor depends on the strength of the magnetic field, amount of current flowing in the conductor, and length of the conductor. Therefore, when the current in the rod increase then the force also increases hence displacement of the rod increases.

(b) a stronger horseshoe is inserted

Ans: Force acting on the current-carrying conductor depends on the strength of the magnetic field, amount of current flowing in the conductor, and length of the conductor. Therefore, when a stronger horseshoe magnet is inserted, the magnetic field increases. So, force increase. Hence displacement increases.

(c) length of the rod is increased

Ans: Force acting on the current-carrying conductor depends on the strength of the magnetic field, amount of current flowing in the conductor, and length of the conductor. Therefore, when the length of the rod increase, force increases, and hence displacement increases.

3. What is the principle of electric motor?

Ans: Electric motor is a rotating device that can convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Which works on the principle that a current-carrying conductor placed perpendicular to a magnetic field experience a force.

State the function of,

(i) split ring

Ans: It acts as a commutator. The split ring reverses the direction of current through the coil after every half rotation and thus the direction of force is also reserved. As a result, the dc motor continues to rotate in the same direction.

(ii) field magnet used in the electric motor.

Ans: Field magnet used in the electric motor provided a strong magnetic field.

4. State three factors on which magnetic field produced by a current-carrying solenoid depends.

Ans: The three factors on which the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying solenoid depends are the strength of the current flowing through the solenoid, the number of turns of the wire of the solenoid, and the nature of the material inside the solenoid.

5. What is a solenoid? Draw magnetic field lines showing the magnetic field inside and outside the current-carrying solenoid?

Ans: A solenoid is a coil that has many circular turns of insulated copper wire, which are arranged closely in the shape of a cylinder.

6. 

(a) Name four appliances wherein an electric motor is used as an important component. In what respect is it different from a generator?

Ans: The four appliances which have electric motor inside them are Mixers, washing machines, refrigerators, and blenders. In electric motor electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy whereas, in an electric generator mechanical energy is used to produce electricity.

(b) Define the terms used in the generator

(i) armature

Ans: Armature is a coil of a large number of turns of insulated copper wire wound over a soft iron core.

(ii) slip rings

Ans: Rings made up of brass that rotates along with the coil and helps in reversal of the direction of the current.

(iii) brushes

Ans: Brushes are made up of carbon which is pressed against the slip rings and are connected to an external circuit where output is obtained.

7.

(a) What is the standard colour code followed for

(i) live

Ans: red

(ii) neutral and

Ans: black

(iii) earth wires used in electric circuits?

Ans: green

(b) Which part of an electric appliance is earthed and why?

Ans: The metallic case of an electrical appliance is earthed because metals are good conductors of electricity and in case of current leakage i.e. live wire touches the metallic case of an appliance and then due to proper earthing all the excess amount of current flows down to the earth and thus, we can prevent ourselves from an electric shock.

8.

(a) What is short-circuiting?

Ans: Overloading occurs when live and neutral wires come into direct contact, in that case, the current in the circuit increases abruptly. This is called short-circuiting. 

(b) What is overloading? How can you avoid overloading?

Ans: Overloading means a huge amount of current flows in the circuit. It can occur when live and neutral wires come into direct contact. It can be avoided by not using too many appliances in a single socket and by using a fuse in the circuit which can prevent damage to the appliances and the circuit.

9. Define electromagnetic induction? Two circular coils A and B are placed close to each other. If the current in the coil A is changed, will some current be induced in the coil B? Explain.

Ans: Electromagnetic induction is a process by which the production of induced current in a conductor due to the change in the magnetic field in another conductor. When the current in first coil A is changed, the magnetic field associated with coil A also changes. Thus, the magnetic field lines around the secondary coil B will also change. Hence the change in magnetic field lines associated with the secondary coil B will induce electric current in it.

10. Why does a current carrying conductor keep in a magnetic field experience force? What is the direction of force acting on the conductor?

Ans: A current-carrying conductor is kept in a magnetic field experience force. This is because the electric current that flows through a conductor, produces this magnetic field. A force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction is exerted by this magnetic field.

11. 

(a) Distinguish between A.C and D.C?

Ans: The difference between AC and DC is listed below:

(b) Which source produces alternating current?

Ans: The sources that produce alternating current are AC generators, hydroelectric power plants, nuclear power generators, and thermal power generators.

12. 

(a) Define the term current rating of an electric fuse?

Ans: The maximum amount of current that can be passed through the fuse wire without melting it.

(b) Name the material used to make an electric fuse?

Ans: Alloy of Lead and Tin is used to make an electric fuse.

(c) Name two safety measures commonly used in electric circuits and appliances?

Ans: Electric fuses and earth wire.

13. Why does a compass needle get deflected when brought near a bar magnet?

Ans: The compass needle is a small bar magnet. When a compass needle is brought near a bar magnet, its magnetic field lines interact with that of the compass needle. Then due to repulsive force between like poles and attraction between unlike poles, the compass needle is deflected.

14. List the properties of magnetic lines of force.

Ans: Properties of magnetic field lines of force are as follows:

i. Outside a magnet, the field lines are directed from the N-pole of the magnet towards the S-pole, and inside the magnet, lines are directed from S-pole to N-pole.

ii. Magnetic field lines are closed curves.

iii. No two magnetic field lines intersect each other.

iv. The density of magnetic lines decreases, when the distance between the poles increases.

15. In activity 13.7, how do we think the displacement of rod AB will be affected if

(i) current is rod AB is increased,

Ans: If the current in rod AB is increased then its displacement will also increase.

(ii) a stronger horseshoe magnet is used, and

Ans: If a stronger horseshoe magnet is used then the displacement of rod AB will also increase.

(iii) length of the rod AB is increased?

Ans: If the length of the rod AB is increased, the force acting on it will increase hence, displacement of the rod also increases.

16. State Fleming’s left-hand rule.

Ans: Fleming’s left-hand rule states that stretch the forefinger, the central finger, and the thumb of your left hand in a way they mutually perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger shows the direction of the magnetic field and the central finger that of the current, then the thumb will point towards the direction of motion of the conductor or the force acting.

17. What is the principle of an electric motor?

Ans: Electric motor is a rotating device that can convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.  An electric motor is based on the principle that the current-carrying conductor experiences a force when placed in a magnetic field. The direction of the force is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule, if the direction of the magnetic field and that of the current are mutually perpendicular.

18. Explain different ways to induce current in a coil.

Ans: If a coil is moved rapidly between the south and north poles of a horseshoe magnet, relative to a coil the magnet is moved, and By keeping the coil still and rotating a magnet inside it are the different ways to induce a current in a coil.

19. An electric oven of \[2\] kW power rating is operated in a domestic electric circuit ( \[220\] V) that has a current rating of \[5\] A. What result do you expect? Explain.

Ans: The power rating of the electric oven (P) \[=2\text{ }kW\text{ }\] 

\[\Rightarrow 2\times 1000=2000W\]

Current drawn \[(I)=\dfrac{P}{V}\] 

\[\Rightarrow \dfrac{2000}{220}=9.09A\]

The current rating of the domestic electric circuit is given as $5$ A and the oven draws a current of \[9.09A\]. Which is more than the current rating; hence the circuit will be damaged due to overheating or overloading.

20. What precaution should be taken to avoid the overloading of the domestic electric circuit?

Ans: Two separate circuits should be used for domestic purposes, one of 5A current rating of bulbs, fans, tubes, etc., and the other 15 A current rating for appliances with a higher current rating such as geysers, air coolers, electric iron, and stoves, etc. Too many appliances should never be connected to a single socket. A fuse of appropriate current rating should be used with the electric circuit for proper safety. These are the precautions we should take to avoid the overloading of domestic electric circuits.

21. List three methods of producing a magnetic field.

Ans: Three methods of producing magnetic fields are as follows,

• Using permanent magnets or horse-shoe magnets at the place where the magnetic field is required.

• By using electromagnets 

• Using current-carrying conductors or a current-carrying coil.

22. How does a solenoid behave like a magnet? Can you determine the north and south poles of a current-carrying solenoid with the help of a bar magnet? Explain.

Ans: The solenoid has a soft iron core with insulated copper wire over it so it can behave like a magnet. A strong and uniform magnetic field is produced around the solenoid when a current is passed through it. which is similar to that of the magnetic field of a bar magnet. 

Solenoid behaves like a strong bar magnet. We can determine the poles of magnets formed by solenoids. The solenoid repels if the north pole of a bar magnet is brought near the negative terminal of the battery, the same for the south pole. As we know, poles repel each other.

23. Imagine that you are sitting in chamber with your back to one wall. An electron beam, moving horizontally from back wall towards the front wall, is deflected by a strong magnetic field to your right side. What is the direction of magnetic field?

Ans: From the problem, it is clear that an electron beam moving horizontally from the back wall towards the front wall is equivalent to a current flowing in the opposite direction. The deflection of the electron beam as seen by the observer is to his right side. Then by applying Fleming’s left-hand rule we find that the magnetic field is acting in a vertically downward direction.

24. A coil of insulated copper wire is connected to a galvanometer. What will happen if a bar magnet is

(i) pushed into the coil.

Ans: When a bar magnet is pushed into the coil of insulated copper wire connected to a galvanometer, the galvanometer gives a deflection towards the left direction.

(ii) withdrawn from inside the coil

Ans: When the bar magnet is withdrawn from inside the coil, then an induced current is set in the coil that deflects the galvanometer in the right direction.

(iii) held stationary inside the coil?

Ans: If the bar magnet is held stationary inside the coil, then there won’t be any induced current so the galvanometer does not show any deflection.

25. Two circular coils A and B are placed close to each other. If the current in the coil A is changed, will some current be induced in the coil B? Give reason.

Ans: Yes, If the current in coil A is changed, then some current will be induced in coil B.

As the two circular coils, A and B are placed close to each other. When the current in coil A is changed, the magnetic field associated with it also changes. As coil B is placed near coil A, the magnetic field lines around coil B also change. Due to changes in magnetic field lines associated with coil B, a current is induced in coil B.

26. State the rule to determine the direction of a

(i) magnetic field produced around a straight current carrying conductor

Ans: The direction of the magnetic field produced around a straight conductor can be determined from the “Right-hand thumb Rule”.

(ii) force experienced by a current carrying straight conductor

Ans: To find the direction of force experienced by a current-carrying straight conductor placed in a magnetic field we make use of “Fleming’s left-hand rule”.

(iii) current induced in a coil due to its rotation in a magnetic field.

Ans: For finding the direction of current induced in a coil we use “Fleming’s right-hand rule”.

27. What is the function of an earth wire? Why is it necessary to earth metallic appliances?

Ans: The earth wires function as a safety measure, especially for those appliances like heater, electric, press, room cooler, etc that have a metallic body. The metallic body of the appliance is connected to the earth wire, which provides a low resistance conducting path for electric current. It ensures that any leakage of current to the metallic body of an appliance keeps its potential the same as of earth. As a result, the user is safe from severe electric shock, even if a user touches the body of the appliance.

28. An electron enters a magnetic field at right angles to it as shown in fig. The direction of the force acting on the electron will be:

1. to the right (b) to the left (c) out of the page (d) into the page

Ans: An electron enters a magnetic field at right angles to it so the direction of the force acting on the electron will be into the page.

When a conductor carrying current is placed perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field, then the direction is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule. According to Fleming's Left-Hand rule, we know that the direction of force is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and current. Here, the direction of current can be taken as the opposite to the direction of motion of electrons. The force acting on an electron is opposite to that. Therefore, in this case, it is into the page.

29. Consider a circular wire lying in the plane of the table and the direction current in it is antilock wise.

(i) Draw the magnetic field lines produced around it.

Ans: 

(ii) Why does magnetic field at the center of current carrying circular loop appear straight? Explain with diagram.

Ans: Because of the large curvature of magnetic field lines at centre.

30. If we place a compass needle near straight conductor carrying current 

(a) What happens to the deflection of the compass needle if the direction of current reversed.

Ans: If we place a compass needle near a straight conductor carrying current then the deflection of the compass needle will reverse if the direction of current is reversed.

(b) What change will you notice in the compass needle if it is moved away from conductor but the current through the conductor remains the same?

Ans: If we place a compass needle near a straight conductor carrying current Deflection will decrease in the compass needle if it is moved away from the conductor but the current through the conductor remains the same.

31. A magnet is moving towards a coil as shown in figure.

(1) Which phenomenon is shown in figure.

Ans: Electromagnetic induction

(2) Which physical quantity is between magnet and coil? set up in the coil when there is a relative motion

Ans: Induced current

(3) What may be the cause of the production of that physical quantity?

Ans: Change in magnetic lines of forces through the coil

32. Suppose your science teacher asks you to demonstrate the phenomena of EMI with following materials:

(a) Two different coils land 2 of copper wire having large no. of turns 50 and 100 respectively.

(b) A non-conducting cylinder 

(c) A battery

(d) A plug key

(e) A galvanometer

(i) Draw a labeled diagram of your demonstration setup. 

Ans: 

(ii) How will you prove the phenomena of EMI.

Ans: When the key is closed, there is deflection in the galvanometer.

Long Answer Questions                              (5 Marks)

1. Current- time graph from two different sources are shown in the figure.

(i) Name the type of current shown by graph (A) and (B)?

Ans: Graph A represents direct current and graph B represents alternating current.

(ii) Name any one source of shown by (A) and (B)?

Ans: Source of (A) can be dry cell and Source of (B) can be AC generator.

(iii) What is frequency of current in case (B)?

Ans: As graph B represents the alternating current the frequency is given by, $f=\dfrac{1}{T}$ 

$\Rightarrow f=\dfrac{1}{0.02}=50Hz$

(iv) Write two differences between current shown by (A) and (B)?

Ans: The differences between AC and DC is listed below

2. Explain the principle, construction and working of an electric motor with the help of a labeled diagram?

Ans: 

Principle: The electric motor is a rotating device that can convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.  An electric motor is based on the principle that the current-carrying conductor experiences a force when placed in a magnetic field. The direction of the force is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule if the direction of the magnetic field and that of the current are mutually perpendicular.

Construction:

(i) Armature or coil- It consists of an insulated copper wire wound on a soft iron core.

(ii) Strong field magnet- two pole pieces of a strong magnet that can provide a strong magnetic field.

(iii) Split ring – split ring acts as a commutator which has two halves (R1 and R2) of a metallic ring that reverses the direction of the current in a coil.

(iv) Brushes- two carbon brushes touch the commutator (split ring).

(v) Battery – a battery is connected across the brushes.

Working: From the figure, ABCD  is a rectangular coil of insulated copper wire and this coil is placed between the south and north poles of a magnetic field in such a way that the AB and CD are perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. The ends of the coil are connected to the two halves of a split ring, say P and Q. The external conducting edges of P and Q  can touch two conducting stationary brushes X and Y.

Let the current in the coil ABCD of motor enters from the source battery through the conducting brush X, flow along ABCD, and finally flows back to the battery through brush Y. On applying Fleming’s left-hand rule we find that force acting on arm AB due to magnetic field pushes it downwards. But the force acting on the arm CD pushes it upwards. Thus, the coil and the axle rotate anticlockwise. Due to the action of split rings, P and Q change their contacts with brushes. Now, P makes contact with Y and Q with X. As a result, the current begins to flow in coil along DCBA. The arms are pushed in opposite directions and the coil continues to rotate in the same direction.

3. Draw a labeled diagram of an electric motor. Explain its principle and working. What is the function of split ring in an electric motor?

Ans: Electric motor labeled diagram of an electric motor is as follows:

Principle: The electric motor is a rotating device that can convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.  An electric motor is based on the principle that the current-carrying conductor experiences a force when placed in a magnetic field. The direction of the force is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule if the direction of the magnetic field and that of the current are mutually perpendicular. Due to this force, the conductor begins to move, if it is free to rotate.

Working: Let the current in the coil ABCD of motor enters from the source battery through the conducting brush X, flow along ABCD, and finally flows back to the battery through brush Y. On applying Fleming’s left-hand rule we find that force acting on arm AB due to magnetic field pushes it downwards. But the force acting on the arm CD pushes it upwards. Thus, the coil and the axle rotate anticlockwise. Due to the action of split rings, P and Q change their contacts with brushes. Now, P makes contact with Y and Q with X. As a result, the current begins to flow in coil along DCBA. The arms are pushed in opposite directions and the coil continues to rotate in the same direction.

Split ring: It acts as a commutator. The split ring reverses the direction of current through the coil after every half rotation and thus the direction of force is also reserved. As a result, the dc motor continues to rotate in the same direction.

4. Explain the underlying principle and working of an electric generator by drawing a labeled diagram. What is the function of brushes?

Ans: Electric generator labeled diagram is given as follows:

Principle: An electric generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

Working: In an electric generator, a rotating rectangular coil ABCD is placed between the south and north poles of a permanent magnet. As shown in the figure the two ends of this coil are connected to the two rings R1 and R2. Let the, in the beginning, brushes B1 and B2 are kept pressed separately on rings R1 and R2 respectively. The two rings are internally attached to an axle which may be mechanically rotated from outside for the rotation of the coil inside the magnetic field. To show the flow of current in the given external circuit, the outer ends of the two brushes are connected to the galvanometer. The arm AB moves upwards and the arm CD moves downwards when the axle attached to the two rings R1 and R2 is rotated then the magnetic field is produced by the permanent magnet. By applying the induced currents are in these arms along the directions AB and CD by Fleming’s right-hand rule. Thus, in the direction of ABCD an induced current flows. The current in the external circuit flows from B2 to B1.

After half rotation, arm AB moves downward and arms CD upward to change the direction opposite to the first case. Thus, after every half rotation current changes its direction and an alternate current is obtained in the generator. Brushes B1 and B2 are kept pressed on the two slip rings R1 and R2 separately. The outer ends of the brushes are connected to the galvanometer. Thus, brushes help to show the flow of current in the given external circuit.

CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Important Questions - Free PDF Available

1. Magnet

• A magnet is a material that has two poles namely a north pole and a south pole. 

2. Magnetic Field and Magnetic Field Lines

• A magnetic field is a phenomenon that is found in the area around a magnet or an electric current that creates a magnetic force on the object placed near it.

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• Magnetic field visually lines represent a magnetic field.

• A magnetic field possesses both magnitude and direction.

• The effect of the magnetic field is always maximum near the magnet and it decreases as the distance increases.

• A compass needle also acts as a bar magnet.

• The shape of the magnetic field around a current-carrying straight wire is in the form of concentric circles.

3. Right-Hand Thumb Rule or Maxwell’s Corkscrew Rule

• The direction of the magnetic field around a current carrying-conductor is detected with the help of right-hand thumb rule. 

• Maxwell’s corkscrew rule is another method for detecting the direction of magnetic field lines around a straight current-carrying conductor.

• If a straight wire is bent into a circle, the direction of the magnetic field of the circular wire can be found at each part of the wire with the application of right-hand thumb rule.

• The shape of the magnetic field lines is in the form of straight lines towards the centre of the circular current-carrying wire due to decrease in strength.

4. Solenoid

• A solenoid is a cylindrical shaped coil of wire whose one end acts as a magnetic north pole and the other end acts as a magnetic south pole similar to that of a bar magnet and the magnetic field is uniform inside it.

• An electromagnet can be made when a piece of magnetic material is placed inside the solenoid.

5. Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule

• When a current-carrying conductor and a magnet are placed near, they produce an equal and opposite force on each other that becomes maximum when the direction of the magnetic field and electric current is at 90°.

• The direction of the force is found out with the application of Fleming's left-hand rule where the thumb represents the direction of the force and the index finger and middle finger represents the magnetic field and current respectively. The three fingers are perpendicular to each other.

6. Electric Motor

• The electrical energy can be converted into mechanical energy with the help of an electric motor.

• The presence of the electric current in a circuit is detected with the help of a galvanometer.

7. Electromagnetic Induction

• When a magnet is moved near an electric coil attached to a galvanometer, it produces a potential difference that creates an induced current in the coil. This process is called electromagnetic induction. 

• The direction of the induced current can be found out with the application of Fleming's right-hand rule.

8. Electric Generator 

• The device in which mechanical energy is used to rotate a conductor inside a magnetic field to produce electric current is called an electric generator. 

• The electric current is of two types - Direct current and Alternating current. 

• When the electric current alters direction at equal intervals, it is called alternating current. The device that produces alternating current is called an AC generator. 

• When the electric current does not change direction with time, it is called direct current. The device that produces direct current is called a DC generator.

9. Electric Fuse 

• An electric fuse stops the flow of high electric current during overloading or short-circuiting occurs in our home. 

Conclusion

The students are advised to refer to the above-given summary before attempting the important questions for class 10 science chapter 12. The students can download the Vedantu app on mobile and tablets also to access the PDF of chapter 12 science class 10 important questions. Apart from the NCERT question, the students must have a look at the class 10 science chapter 12 extra questions provided by Vedantu to hone their knowledge regarding the magnetic effects of electric current. 

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