CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Syllabus 2025-26 Complete Course Structure

1. Prerequisites

• Subject: Computer Science

• Subject Code: 083

• Class: XII (2025-26)

• Required Background: Computer Science studied in Class XI

2. Learning Outcomes

After completing the course, students should be able to:

• Apply programming concepts: Apply the concept of functions in programs.

• Use file handling: Explain and use file handling for storing and retrieving data.

• Work with data structures: Use basic data structures such as stacks.

• Understand networking fundamentals: Explain the basics of computer networks.

• Use databases with Python: Apply database concepts and SQL, including connectivity between Python and SQL.

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Syllabus 2025-26 Distribution of Marks

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science 2025-26 Unit Wise Syllabus

Unit 1 Computational Thinking and Programming – 2

• Revision of Python topics covered in Class XI.

• Functions: types of function (built-in functions, functions defined in module, user defined functions), creating user defined function, arguments and parameters, default parameters, positional parameters, function returning value(s), flow of execution, scope of a variable (global scope, local scope).

• Exception Handling: introduction, handling exceptions using try-except-finally blocks.

• Introduction to files, types of files (Text file, Binary file, CSV file), relative and absolute paths.

• Text file: opening a text file, text file open modes (r, r+, w, w+, a, a+), closing a text file, opening a file using with clause, writing/appending data to a text file using write() and writelines(), reading from a text file using read(), readline() and readlines(), seek and tell methods, manipulation of data in a text file.

• Binary file: basic operations on a binary file including open using file open modes (rb, rb+, wb, wb+, ab, ab+), close a binary file, import pickle module, dump() and load() method, read, write/create, search, append and update operations in a binary file.

• CSV file: import csv module, open/close csv file, write into a csv file using writer(), writerow(), writerows() and read from a csv file using reader().

• Data Structure: stack, operations on stack (push and pop), implementation of stack using list.

Unit 2 Computer Networks

• Evolution of networking: introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking (ARPANET, NSFNET, INTERNET).

• Data communication terminologies: concept of communication, components of data communication (sender, receiver, message, communication media, protocols), measuring capacity of communication media (bandwidth, data transfer rate), IP address, switching techniques (circuit switching, packet switching).

• Transmission media: wired communication media (twisted pair cable, co-axial cable, fiber-optic cable), wireless media (radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves).

• Network devices: modem, Ethernet card, RJ45, repeater, hub, switch, router, gateway, WIFI card.

• Network topologies and network types: types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), networking topologies (bus, star, tree).

• Network protocol: HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/IP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, VoIP.

• Introduction to web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML), domain names, URL, website, web browser, web servers, web hosting.

Unit 3 Database Management

• Database concepts: introduction to database concepts and its need.

• Relational data model: relation, attribute, tuple, domain, degree, cardinality, keys (candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key).

• Structured Query Language: introduction, Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language, data type (char(n), varchar(n), int, float, date), constraints (not null, unique, primary key), create database, use database, show databases, drop database, show tables, create table, describe table, alter table (add and remove an attribute, add and remove primary key), drop table, insert, delete, select, operators (mathematical, relational and logical), aliasing, distinct clause, where clause, in, between, order by, meaning of null, is null, is not null, like, update command, delete command, aggregate functions (max, min, avg, sum, count), group by, having clause, joins including cartesian product on two tables, equi-join and natural join.

• Interface of Python with an SQL database: connecting SQL with Python, performing insert, update, delete queries using cursor, displaying data using connect(), cursor(), execute(), commit(), fetchone(), fetchall(), rowcount, creating database connectivity applications, use of %s format specifier or format() to perform queries.

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Practical Marks Distribution 2025-26

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science 2025-26 Suggested Practical List Reading Material and Project Guidelines

Suggested Practical List

Python Programming

• Read a text file line by line and display each word separated by a #.

• Read a text file and display the number of vowel consonants uppercase and lowercase characters in the file.

• Remove all the lines that contain the character ‘a’ in a file and write it to another file.

• Create a binary file with name and roll number. Search for a given roll number and display the name if not found display appropriate message.

• Create a binary file with roll number name and marks. Input a roll number and update the marks.

• Write a random number generator that generates random numbers between 1 and 6 (simulates a dice).

• Write a Python program to implement a stack using list.

• Create a CSV file by entering user-id and password read and search the password for given userid.

Database Management

• Create a student table and insert data. Implement the following SQL commands on the student table:

• ALTER table to add new attributes modify data type or drop attribute

• UPDATE table to modify data

• ORDER BY to display data in ascending or descending order

• DELETE to remove tuple(s)

• GROUP BY and find the min max sum count and average

• Similar exercises may be framed for other cases.

• Integrate SQL with Python by importing a suitable module.

Suggested Reading Material

• NCERT Textbook for Computer Science Class XII

• Support Materials on the CBSE website

Project

The aim of the class project is to create something tangible and useful using Python file handling or Python SQL connectivity. This should be done in groups of two to three students and should be started at least six months before the submission deadline. The goal is to identify a real world problem that is worthwhile to solve.

Students are encouraged to visit local businesses and understand the challenges they face. For example if a business finds it difficult to generate invoices for GST filing students can develop a project that takes raw transaction data, groups it by category, applies GST rates and generates invoices in the required format.

Students can be creative and use different Python libraries to build user friendly applications such as games, school software tools for differently abled students or mobile applications. Some projects may require additional learning which should be encouraged so that students learn how to teach themselves.

Students should be sensitized to avoid plagiarism and copyright violations while working on projects and teachers should take necessary measures to ensure originality.

What is the Best Way to Use Vedantu’s Class 12 Computer Science Syllabus for Study Planning?

The easiest way to stay organised during the academic year is to follow the class 12 computer science syllabus chapter wise. Knowing the exact units helps you divide time between programming practice, database concepts, and networking topics while avoiding last-minute stress.

Saving a class 12 computer science syllabus PDF ensures you can quickly check topics whenever needed. This simple habit helps students stay on track, complete chapters on time, and revise more effectively.

To prepare accurately for exams, always study according to the official CBSE class 12 computer science syllabus PDF. When your preparation matches the official structure, it improves clarity, boosts confidence, and helps you perform better in both theory and practical exams.

Related Topic Pages for Class 12 Computer Science

Related Study Material Links for Class 12 Computer Science

You can refer to the following study material to gain a headstart on your exam prep. The materials are provided by master teachers, ensuring their accuracy.