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Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025-26 PDF – CBSE Chapter-wise Weightage and Exam Pattern

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What’s New in the Science Syllabus Class 10 CBSE 2025-26? Detailed Chapter-wise Breakdown

The Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025-26 provides an introduction to important science concepts. This syllabus includes all the topics you need to study and practical experiments, and activities to help you understand science better and prepare well for your exams.

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With this CBSE Class 10 Syllabus, you can easily make a practical study plan and track your revision, so nothing gets left out before exam time. For extra support, you can refer to the NCERT Syllabus for Class 10 Science PDF to help you understand every topic thoroughly.


Course Structure for Class 10 Science (2025-26)

Unit No.

Unit

Marks

I

Chemical Substances – Nature and Behaviour

25

II

World of Living

25

III

Natural Phenomena

12

IV

Effects of Current

13

V

Natural Resources

5


Total

80


Internal Assessment

20


Grand Total

100

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Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025-26 PDF – CBSE Chapter-wise Weightage and Exam Pattern
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Science Syllabus Class 10 CBSE 2025-26 (Unit-wise and Theme-wise)

Theme / Unit

Topics / Subtopics

Materials

Unit I: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour

Chemical Reactions and Equations:

- Chemical reactions, chemical equation, balanced chemical equation

- Types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, endothermic and exothermic reactions, oxidation and reduction

Acids, Bases and Salts:

- Definitions (H⁺ & OH⁻ ions), indicators, chemical properties, uses, neutralisation

- Concept of pH scale (excluding logarithm), importance of pH, preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda, Plaster of Paris

Metals and Non-metals:

- Properties, reactivity series, ionic compounds, metallurgical processes, corrosion and prevention

Carbon and Its Compounds:

- Covalent bonds, hydrocarbons (saturated/unsaturated), homologous series, nomenclature (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, functional groups: halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes)

- Chemical properties (combustion, oxidation, addition, substitution), ethanol & ethanoic acid (properties, uses), soaps and detergents

The World of the Living

Unit II: World of Living

Life processes:

- Living Being, basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport, and excretion in plants and animals

Control and Coordination in Animals and Plants:

- Tropic movements, plant hormones, animal nervous system (voluntary/involuntary/reflex actions), chemical coordination (animal hormones)

Reproduction:

- Reproduction in animals/plants (asexual/sexual), reproductive health, family planning, safe sex vs HIV/AIDS, childbearing and women's health

Heredity and Evolution:

- Heredity, Mendel’s laws, inheritance of traits, sex determination, brief introduction

Natural Phenomena

Unit III: Natural Phenomena

Reflection of light by curved surfaces:

- Spherical mirrors, images, centre of curvature, principal axis/focus/length, mirror formula (no derivation), magnification

Refraction:

- Laws, refractive index, refraction by spherical lens, images by lenses, lens formula (no derivation), magnification, power of lens

- Human eye, defects and corrections, applications of mirrors/lenses

Refraction through a prism, dispersion, scattering, and daily life applications (excluding the colour of the sun at sunrise/sunset)

How Things Work

Unit IV: Effects of Current

Electric current and circuits:

- Electric current, potential difference, Ohm’s law, resistance, resistivity, factors affecting resistance, series/parallel combination of resistors and applications

- Heating effect of electric current, daily life uses, electric power, relation between P, V, I, R

Magnetic effects:

- Magnetic field, field lines, current-carrying conductor/coil/solenoid, force on conductor, Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, DC/AC (frequency, advantages), domestic electric circuits

Natural Resources

Unit V: Natural Resources

Our environment:

- Eco-system, environmental problems, ozone depletion, waste production and solutions, biodegradable/non-biodegradable substances



NCERT Class 10 Science Syllabus for PRACTICALS

Practicals should be conducted alongside the concepts taught in theory classes.


LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

  1. A. Finding the pH of the following samples by using pH paper/universal indicator: (Unit-I)
    a) Dilute Hydrochloric Acid
    b) Dilute NaOH solution
    c) Dilute Ethanoic Acid solution
    d) Lemon juice
    e) Water
    f) Dilute Hydrogen Carbonate solution

    B. Studying the properties of acids and bases (HCl & NaOH) based on their reaction with: (Unit-I)
    a) Litmus solution (Blue/Red)
    b) Zinc metal
    c) Solid sodium carbonate

  2. Performing and observing the following reactions and classifying them into: (Unit-I)
    a) Combination reaction
    b) Decomposition reaction
    c) Displacement reaction
    d) Double displacement reaction

    • Action of water on quicklime

    • Action of heat on ferrous sulphate crystals

    • Iron nails kept in copper sulphate solution.

    • Reaction between sodium sulphate and barium chloride solutions


  1. Observing the action of Zn, Fe, Cu and Al metals on the following salt solutions: Unit II)
    a) ZnSO₄ (aq)
    b) FeSO₄ (aq)
    c) CuSO₄ (aq)
    d) Al₂(SO₄)₃ (aq)

    • Arranging Zn, Fe, Cu and Al (metals) in the decreasing order of reactivity based on the above result.


  1. Studying the dependence of potential difference (V) across a resistor on the current (I) passing through it, and determining its resistance. Also plotting a graph between V and I. (Unit-IV)

  2. Determination of the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series and parallel. (Unit-IV)

  3. Preparing a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata. (Unit-II)

  4. Experimentally show that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration. (Unit-II)

  5. Study of the following properties of acetic acid (ethanoic acid): (Unit-I)
    a) Odour
    b) Solubility in water
    c) Effect on litmus
    d) Reaction with Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate

  6. Study of the comparative cleaning capacity of a sample of soap in soft and hard water. (Unit-I)

  7. Determination of the focal length of: (Unit-III)
    a) Concave mirror
    b) Convex lens by obtaining the image of a distant object

  8. Tracing the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for different angles of incidence. Measure the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, angle of emergence and interpret the result. (Unit-III)

  9. Studying (a) binary fission in Amoeba, and (b) budding in yeast and Hydra with the help of prepared slides. (Unit-II)

  10. Tracing the path of the rays of light through a glass prism. (Unit-III)

  11. Identification of the different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed (pea, gram or red kidney bean). (Unit-II)


PRESCRIBED BOOKS:

  • Science-Text book for class X- NCERT Publication

  • Assessment of Practical Skills in Science- Class X- CBSE Publication

  • Laboratory Manual-Science-Class X, NCERT Publication

  • Exemplar Problems Class X – NCERT Publication


Related Study Materials for Class 10 Science

For complete preparation of Science for CBSE Class 10 board exams, check out the following links for different study materials available at Vedantu.


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FAQs on Class 10 Science Syllabus 2025-26 PDF – CBSE Chapter-wise Weightage and Exam Pattern

1. What is the syllabus of CBSE Class 10 Science?

CBSE has designed the syllabus for Class 10 by the latest pattern. The syllabus of class 10 Science 2025-26 consists of chapters: Chemical Reactions, Acids, bases and Salts, Metals and Nonmetals, Carbon and its Compounds, Periodic Classification of Elements, Life Processes, How do organisms reproduce?, Heredity and Evolution, Light – Reflection and Refraction, Human eye and colourful world, Electricity, Magnetic effects of current, and Our Environment.

2. How to score full marks in the Class 10 CBSE exam by using the Class 10th Science Syllabus?

To score full marks in the Class 10 CBSE exam using the Class 10th Science Syllabus, students should focus on understanding key topics, practice regularly with textbooks and sample papers, seek clarifications for doubts promptly, and stay updated with any syllabus changes.

3. What is the internal assessment pattern of the Class 10 CBSE board exam?

Every school affiliated with the CBSE needs to conduct three unit tests. Out of the three, the best marks obtained in two unit tests will be counted, and from the same 10 marks will be sent to the Board. With regard to the practical classes, it must be carried out throughout the academic year and 5 marks will be added to the board result.

4. Does knowing the syllabus from before help the Class 10 student?

Yes, knowing the syllabus from before will help the Class 10 students. Going through the science syllabus from before helps students to understand the pattern for exams and helps them to prepare accordingly. The syllabus pattern has changed, so knowing it from before helps the students understand what they are going to learn, and they can easily work on the chapters according to their timings. It will help students to prepare for exams on time and by going through the study materials, the student will be able to achieve the knowledge that is required and students also get the hint of syllabus, exam pattern, important questions, and many more things. 

5. How to prepare for the CBSE Class 10 science 2025-26 Examination?

Try to solve all provided study materials. As there are proper study materials for science subjects, it will help students to learn the questions, and also it helps to practice all the chapters at the same time. Students should go through the syllabus and try to understand them deeply. Try to learn the whole syllabus and clarity of every concept, and always try to clear all the doubts at a time.

6. Why are the NCERT Class 10 Science Syllabus helpful for Class 10 students?

Knowing the syllabus helps in improving problem-solving skills for Class 10 students. As science is an important subject for Class 10 it helps in deciding which stream to choose, so it is always better for students to know what chapters they are going to study. It helps the students to create a strong strategy to understand and solve the paper for the exam. Having study materials allows students to compare their questions, it makes it easy for students to understand the topic and solve questions quickly. It also supports going through the entire science syllabus for 2025-26 and making yourself aware of important chapters.

7. Where can the syllabus of Science class 10 CBSE 2025-26?

Students can easily find the syllabus for science subjects from the Vedantu Website. From here, students can achieve the most reliable and accurate content, and you can easily go through the content and learn as much as you can. Students can have the PDF of the science syllabus, making it easy for them to learn all the chapter concepts from the previous syllabus.

8. What are the key changes in the CBSE Class 10 Science syllabus for 2025-26?

The key changes include removing certain topics to streamline the curriculum, adding new, relevant scientific concepts, and increasing emphasis on practical work and hands-on experiments to enhance the understanding of theoretical knowledge.

9. How will the updated syllabus affect the practical examinations for Class 10 Science?

The updated syllabus places a greater emphasis on practical examinations, with more detailed experiments and hands-on activities. Students will be assessed on their ability to conduct experiments, analyse results, and apply scientific concepts practically.

10. Where can students and teachers find the Science syllabus class 10 CBSE 2025-26 pdf?

It provides comprehensive details on the updated topics, practical work, and revised assessment patterns to help students and teachers plan their studies and instruction effectively. class 10 science deleted syllabus 2025-26 ensures all the deleted content and chapters are not included for this academic year.