What is GERD and Its Symptoms?
GERD stands for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. It is a chronic digestive condition where stomach acid or bile irritates the food pipe (esophagus). This condition happens when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a ring of muscle between the esophagus and stomach, weakens or relaxes abnormally, allowing stomach contents to flow back (reflux) into the esophagus.
Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Heartburn - A burning sensation in the chest, often after eating or while lying down.
Regurgitation - Backwash of food or sour liquid into the throat or mouth.
Chest or Upper Belly Pain - Discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen or chest.
Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia) - Feeling of food getting stuck in the throat.
Lump in the Throat Sensation - Persistent feeling of something in the throat.
Nighttime Symptoms - Chronic cough, laryngitis, or worsening asthma due to acid reflux.
Causes of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Weak or Dysfunctional LES
Increased Stomach Pressure
Delayed Stomach Emptying
Hiatal Hernia
Diet & Lifestyle Triggers
Managing these factors can help reduce GERD symptoms and discomfort.
Risk factors of GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
GERD occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation. Several factors can increase the risk, including:
Medical Conditions
Obesity
Hiatal Hernia
Pregnancy
Connective Tissue Disorders
Delayed Stomach Emptying
Lifestyle & Dietary Factors
Smoking
Large or Late-Night Meals
Trigger Foods & Drinks
Certain Medications
GERD Diagnosis
Medical History & Physical Exam - Doctors assess symptoms, triggers, and lifestyle factors.
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) - A flexible tube with a camera examines the esophagus for inflammation or damage.
pH Monitoring Test - A sensor measures acid levels in the esophagus over 24 hours.
Esophageal Manometry - Evaluates the strength and function of the esophageal muscles and LES.
Barium Swallow X-ray - A contrast liquid highlights abnormalities in the esophagus and stomach.
Trial of Acid-Suppressing Medication - A short-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to see if symptoms improve.
Conclusion
Diagnosing GERD typically involves a combination of detailed symptom review, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests. The specific tests depend on the severity of the symptoms, the response to treatment, and the need to rule out complications or other conditions.
If you think you may have GERD, it’s best to consult a healthcare provider who can guide you through the diagnostic process. Access Vedantu’s study material and improve your NEET preparation to aim for a top score in the exam.
Essential Study Materials for NEET UG Success
FAQs on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease(GERD)- NEET Main Topic
1. How to take care of GERD?
Maintain a healthy diet, avoid triggers (spicy, acidic, fatty foods), eat smaller meals, stay upright after eating, lose weight, and take medications if needed.
2. Can I live a normal life with GERD?
Yes, with proper diet, lifestyle changes, and medication, GERD can be managed effectively.
3. What are the warning signs of GERD?
Heartburn, acid reflux, difficulty swallowing, chronic cough, sore throat, hoarseness, and regurgitation.
4. Can GERD be reversed?
Symptoms can be managed and reduced with lifestyle changes, but GERD may not always be completely reversible.
5. Can GERD be 100% cured?
It can be controlled with treatment, but some people may require lifelong management. Surgery may help in severe cases.
6. Is GERD a serious disease?
It can lead to complications like esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, and esophageal cancer if left untreated.
7. What is the root cause of GERD?
A weakened lower esophageal sphincter (LES), caused by obesity, hiatal hernia, poor diet, smoking, and lifestyle factors.
8. What to avoid eating with GERD?
Spicy, fatty, and acidic foods, citrus fruits, coffee, carbonated drinks, chocolate, mint, and alcohol.
9. Can a person with GERD eat rice?
Yes, plain white or brown rice is safe, but avoid spicy or oily preparations.
10. What are the four stages of GERD?
Stage 1 (Mild GERD)- Occasional heartburn, managed with diet changes.
Stage 2 (Moderate GERD)- Frequent reflux, may need medications.
Stage 3 (Severe GERD)- Chronic symptoms, requires stronger medications.
Stage 4 (Complicated GERD)- Risk of Barrett’s esophagus or cancer, may need surgery.
