NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 3 Ruling The Countryside

1. Match the Following:   

Ans: 

2. Fill in the Blanks:

1. Growers of Woad in Europe Saw _________ as a Crop Which Would Provide Competition to Their Earnings.

Ans: Indigo- In Europe, woad growers saw indigo as a crop that would threaten their livelihood.

2. The Demand for Indigo Increased in Late-Eighteenth-Century Britain Because of  __________.

Ans: Cotton production increased as a result of industrialisation, resulting in a huge need for fabric dyes.

3. The International Demand for Indigo Was Affected by the Discovery of ___________.

Ans: Synthetic dyes- The discovery of synthetic dyes had an impact on the global market for indigo.

4. The Champaran Movement Was Against ___________.

Ans: Indigo planters- The visit of Mahatma Gandhi in 1917 sparked the Champaran agitation against indigo planters.

3. Describe the Main Features of the Permanent Settlement.

Ans: To ensure a steady revenue stream, most East India Company officials believed that land investment should be encouraged and agriculture should be enhanced. In 1793, permanent settlement was established as a result of this.

1. Rajas and taluqdars were recognised as zamindars under the conditions of the settlement.

2. They were given the task of collecting rent from the peasants and remitting profits to the company.

3. The amount that had to be paid was fixed permanently.

4. This was thought to assure a steady stream of revenue to the company's officers. Simultaneously, the zamindars were told to put money into renovating the land.

5. If the zamindars failed to pay the revenue, which was typically the case due to the high fixed revenue, they lost their zamindari claim to the land.

4. How Was the Mahalwari System Different from the Permanent Settlement?

Ans: 

5. Give Two Problems Which Arose With the New Munro System of Fixing Revenue.

Ans: Two issues developed as a result of the new Munro revenue-fixing system are:

1. Revenue officials set an unrealistically high revenue requirement, motivated by a desire to boost land revenues.

2. As the crop failed in the countryside, peasants were unable to pay the revenue, and settlements in many areas went desolate.

6. Why Were Ryots Reluctant to Grow Indigo?

Ans: The ryots were hesitant to cultivate indigo for several reasons:

1. Indigo was purchased for a very low price by the planters.

2. The ryots couldn't even cover their costs, so making a profit was a pipe dream. This meant that the ryot was perpetually in debt.

3. The landowners urged that the peasants farm indigo on the most fertile areas of their land, but following an indigo harvest, the peasants chose to grow rice on the richest soils. The ryots were hesitant to cultivate indigo because the land could not be used for cultivating rice.

7. What Were the Circumstances Which Led to the Eventual Collapse of Indigo  Production in Bengal?

Ans: The ryots began to resist indigo cultivation. In their conflict, the village  headmen and some zamindars backed them up. The protests were so large that the government had no choice but to interfere. The Indigo Commission was formed to look into the issues. The planters' flaws were accepted by the Commission, and the ryots were free to grow anything they wanted. Bengal's indigo manufacturing eventually came to a halt as a result.

8. Find out more about the Champaran movement and Mahatma Gandhi’s role in it

Ans:

• The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was a significant milestone in India's struggle for independence. 

• It was the first major act of civil disobedience led by Mahatma Gandhi in India. 

• This movement took place in the Champaran district of Bihar and marked the beginning of Gandhi’s leadership in the Indian independence movement.

• The success of the Champaran Satyagraha established Gandhi as a key leader in the Indian independence movement and demonstrated the effectiveness of nonviolent resistance. 

• It set the stage for future mass movements led by Gandhi, including the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Salt March.

9. Look into the history of either tea or coffee plantations in India. See how the life of workers in these plantations was similar to or different from that of workers in indigo plantations.

Ans:

• Tea plantations in India began in the early 1800s, with large-scale cultivation starting in Assam and later spreading to other regions like West Bengal and Kerala. 

• Workers on these plantations faced very tough conditions, including long working hours, low pay, and inadequate living facilities. Women, who make up a large part of the workforce, often received lower wages than men and lacked basic amenities like maternity benefits.

• Child labor was common due to the poverty and debt of the workers' families. Despite laws meant to improve conditions, such as the Plantation Labour Act, these were often not properly enforced, leading to continued exploitation and hardship for tea workers, much like those on indigo plantations during British rule.

Topics Covered in Chapter 3 History Class 8 -  Ruling The Countryside

Benefits of NCERT Solutions For Class 8 History Chapter 3 Ruling The Countryside

• The solutions help students understand complex concepts like the British revenue systems and their impact on Indian farmers simply and clearly.

• Each question is answered with detailed explanations, making it easier for students to grasp the historical events and policies discussed in the chapter.

•  The solutions break down complicated topics such as the Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, and Mahalwari systems into easily understandable parts, ensuring that students have a strong understanding of the subject.

• These solutions are designed to be in line with the latest NCERT curriculum, ensuring that students study only the relevant and updated content.

Important Study Material Links for Class 8 History Chapter 3

Conclusion

Vedantu's NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Chapter 3, ‘Ruling The Countryside', offers an invaluable resource for students seeking a deeper comprehension of India's rural administration during historical periods. These solutions provide comprehensive explanations, insightful analyses, and historical context, facilitating a more profound understanding of the subject matter. Vedantu's user-friendly approach ensures that students can navigate complex concepts with ease, making learning an engaging experience. These solutions are not only instrumental for academic excellence but also for gaining a holistic understanding of India's historical and rural governance structures. Overall, Vedantu's NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Chapter 3 are an indispensable aid for students, fostering both knowledge and a passion for history.

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