Important Questions and Answers for Class 11 Political Science Chapter 1 Political Theory: An Introduction 2025-26

1. Multiple choice questions.

1. The main objective of political theory is:

• (a) To predict election outcomes
• (b) To train citizens to think rationally about political questions
• (c) To support political parties only
• (d) To increase economic growth

Answer: (b) To train citizens to think rationally about political questions

2. Who among the following argued that “equality was as crucial as freedom”?

• (a) Rousseau
• (b) Mahatma Gandhi
• (c) Karl Marx
• (d) Plato

Answer: (c) Karl Marx

3. In the context of political theory, which value is enshrined along with equality in the Indian Constitution’s Preamble?

• (a) Wealth
• (b) Freedom
• (c) Caste
• (d) Power

Answer: (b) Freedom

2. Very Short Answer (VSA).

1. What is the main focus of political theory?

Answer: Political theory mainly focuses on concepts like freedom, equality, and justice, examining their meanings, significance, and roles in shaping societies and governments.

2. Name any two values political theory examines.

Answer: Political theory examines values such as freedom and equality.

3. Who condemned Socrates to death and why?

Answer: The rulers of Athens condemned Socrates to death for questioning and challenging popularly held beliefs about society, religion, and politics.

3. Short Answer Questions.

1. How do governments influence the everyday lives of citizens? Give two examples from the chapter.

Answer: Governments influence citizens’ lives by creating policies on education, which shapes learning opportunities, and economic policies, which affect jobs and livelihoods. For example, closing markets or schools due to unrest disrupts daily routines, while policies increasing literacy open better opportunities for youth.

2. Why is it necessary to reinterpret fundamental rights as society changes?

Answer: As society changes, new situations arise that the original interpretations of rights may not address. Reinterpretation ensures rights like life or information remain relevant and protect people in new contexts, such as the inclusion of the right to livelihood or access to information.

4. Long Answer Questions.

1. Analyse how political theory helps citizens participate responsibly in democracy.

Answer: Political theory equips citizens with the knowledge to understand concepts like justice, equality, and rights. It fosters rational, informed debate and aids in assessing government actions. This enables citizens to participate meaningfully, set agendas, question policies, and appreciate democratic processes, ultimately strengthening democracy itself.

1. Enables informed voting and decision-making.
2. Provides vocabulary for debating social justice issues.
3. Helps set public agendas in society and governance.

2. Discuss the relationship between equality and fairness using examples from daily life mentioned in the chapter.

Answer: Equality means giving all individuals equal opportunity, but fairness might require special provisions for the disadvantaged. For example, everyone wants to purchase goods in a queue equally, but the elderly or disabled may need separate counters. Similarly, providing resources for poor children to attend school ensures fairness along with equality.

1. Equal opportunity ensures fairness in access.
2. Fairness sometimes means positive support for the disadvantaged.

5. Assertion–Reason type questions.

Assertion (A): Political theory examines values that inform political life.
Reason (R): It predicts the performance of political parties.

• (a) A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
• (b) A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
• (c) A is true, but R is false
• (d) A is false, but R is true

Answer: (c) A is true, but R is false. Political theory studies values, not party predictions.

Assertion (A): An educated and vigilant citizenry is important for democracy.
Reason (R): Citizens set the agenda and appreciate output in public matters.

• (a) A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
• (b) A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
• (c) A is true, but R is false
• (d) A is false, but R is true

Answer: (a) A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. Citizens who set the agenda make democracy work better.

3. Fill in the Blanks Questions.

1. The Indian Constitution abolishes ________ in any form.

Answer: untouchability

2. According to the chapter, __________ is required for making collective decisions in society.

Answer: political organisation

3. The right to life has been interpreted by the Courts to include the right to ________.

Answer: livelihood

Why Learning Political Theory Develops Responsible Citizens?

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