Magnetic Effect Of Electric Current Class 10 Notes: CBSE Science Chapter 12

Introduction:

• A magnet is a material that has the ability to attract metals such as iron, nickel, cobalt, and steel. There are two poles to a magnet: north and south.

• When liberated, the two poles pursue the earth's north and south poles. Each component becomes a magnet when broken into parts.

Magnetic Field:

• A magnetic field is the area around a magnet where its influence can be felt by any other magnetic element.

• The magnetic field is measured in Tesla or \[\text{Weber/}{{\text{m}}^{\text{2}}}\]units.

• Lines of Magnetic Fields

• Externally, magnetic field lines exit the north pole of a magnet and enter the South Pole, forming closed loops.

• At the poles, where the magnetic field strength is greatest, magnetic field lines are nearest. There are no magnetic field lines that cross one other.

• The tangent at a place indicates the direction of the magnetic field at that point.

Natural Magnet:

• Magnetite or Lodestone (\[\text{F}{{\text{e}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}\]), a naturally occurring black iron ore, is a natural magnet.

Oersted’s Experiment:

• The needle has been deflected, indicating that an electric current has caused a magnetic effect across the copper wire.

• As a result, we can say that electricity and magnetism are intertwined.

Magnet in a Magnetic Field:

• When a magnet is placed in a magnetic field, it aligns itself along the field lines with the North Pole facing the magnetic field's direction of travel.

• Due to the contents of the earth, a magnetic field exists on its surface, causing it to behave like a magnet. As a result, a magnetic needle is employed to determine the direction on the earth's surface.

Magnetic Field Around a Current Carrying Straight Conductor:

When the current in the copper wire is altered, the needle deflection varies as well. In reality, as the current rises, the deflection rises with it.

It means that when the current through the wire increases, the magnitude of the magnetic field produced at a given spot grows.

Magnetic Field Around a Current Carrying Circular Conductor:

A current-carrying wire's magnetic field at a particular place is directly proportional to the current flowing through it.

The field produced by a circular coil with n turns is n times larger than that produced by a single turn.

Magnetic Field Due To a Solenoid:

A solenoid is a coil comprising several circular turns of insulated copper wire wrapped tightly in the shape of a cylinder.

A solenoid's magnetic field lines are seen in the diagram below. The solenoid's one end acts as a magnetic north pole, while the other acts as a magnetic south pole.

Pole:

Inside the solenoid, the field lines are in the shape of parallel straight lines. This means that the magnetic field inside the solenoid is the same at all places. That means, the field inside the solenoid is uniform.

Rules for Determining Direction of Magnetic Field: 

• The direction of the curled fingers points in the direction of the magnetic field if a straight conductor is clutched in the palm of the right hand with the thumb pointing along the path of current flow.

• For circular conductors, use the right hand thumb rule.

• The thumb points in the direction of the magnetic field if the circular current's direction matches with the curled fingers' direction.

The Cork Screw Rule of Maxwell:

If the current through a conductor is represented by the direction of linear motion of a corkscrew, then the magnetic field is represented by the direction of rotation of the corkscrew.

Ampere’s Swimming Rule:

If a guy swims along a current-carrying wire with his face constantly facing the magnetic needle, current entering his feet and exiting his head, the magnetic needle's North Pole will always be deflected towards his left hand.

Magnetizing a Material: 

The material can exhibit magnetic properties once it has been magnetised.

Permanent Magnets: 

A permanent magnet is one that retains its magnetic properties after it has been magnetised. This is a property of steel.

Electromagnets and Their Applications:

• When a piece of magnetic material, such as soft iron, is placed inside the coil, a strong magnetic field produced inside the solenoid can be used to magnetise it. 

• An electromagnet is a magnet that has been formed in this way.

• Electric bells, loudspeakers, telephone diaphragms, and electric fans all use electromagnets. 

• Cranes also employ massive electromagnets to transport large loads.

Force on Current Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field:

When a current-carrying conductor is put in a magnetic field, it is subjected to a force. When the current in the conductor is reversed, the direction of force is reversed as well.

Fleming’s Left Hand Rule:

When the thumb, forefinger, and middle finger of the left hand are held perpendicular to each other, with the forefinger pointing in the direction of the magnetic field and the middle finger pointing in the direction of the current, the thumb points in the direction of the force exerted on the conductor, according to Fleming's left hand rule.

5 Important Topics of Science Class 10 Chapter 12 you shouldn’t Miss!

Important formula in Class 10 Science Chapter 12 Magnetic Effect Of Electric Current

1. Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor:
$F = BIl \sin \theta$
Where:

• F = Magnetic force

• B = Magnetic field strength

• I = Current in the conductor

• l = Length of the conductor

• $\theta$ = Angle between the magnetic field and the conductor

2. Ampere’s Circuital Law:
$B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r}$
Where:

• B = Magnetic field at a distance rrr from a long straight conductor

• $\mu_0$ = Permeability of free space $(4\pi \times 10^{-7} \, Tm/A)$

• I = Current in the conductor

• r = Distance from the conductor

3. Force on a Moving Charge in a Magnetic Field (Lorentz Force):
$F = qvB \sin \theta$
Where:

• F = Force on the charge

• q = Charge

• v = Velocity of the charge

• B = Magnetic field

• $\theta$ = Angle between velocity and magnetic field direction

Importance of Class 10 Science Magnetic Effect of Electric Current Notes

• Class 10 Physics Magnetic Effect Of Electric Current Notes explains how electricity and magnetism are related, which is essential for understanding the working of electric motors, generators, and other devices.

• Magnetic Effect Of Electric Current Class 10 Short Notes simplify the key concepts of magnetic fields, electromagnetic induction, and the force on a current-carrying conductor.

• Understanding these concepts helps students grasp the functioning of real-life applications like electric bells, loudspeakers, and transformers.

• These notes are essential for clearing fundamental concepts that are frequently tested in board exams.

• Students get clear explanations of important laws like Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, Right Hand Rule, and Ampere's Circuital Law.

• Class 10th Magnetic Effect Of Electric Current Notes break down complex topics such as magnetic field lines and solenoids into simpler explanations.

• Understanding this chapter is important for future studies in physics, engineering, and technology.

Tips for Learning the Class 10 Chapter 12 Science Magnetic Effect of Electric Current

• Start by understanding the concept of a magnetic field and how it is created by electric current.

• Learn and practice drawing magnetic field lines around a current-carrying conductor, coil, and solenoid.

• Memorise key laws like Fleming’s Left and Right Hand Rules, which help in understanding the direction of force and current.

• Use diagrams and flowcharts to visualise the working of devices like electric motors and generators.

• Regularly solve numerical problems and questions based on electromagnetic induction and force on conductors.

• Relate the chapter's content to real-life applications, such as how an electric motor works in household appliances.

• Revise important definitions, laws, and diagrams frequently to keep the concepts fresh before exams.

Conclusion

Magnetic Effects Of Electric Current Class 10 Notes is essential in understanding the relationship between electricity and magnetism. It introduces fundamental concepts like magnetic fields, electromagnetic induction, and current-carrying conductors. By studying these notes, students can easily grasp complex topics and relate them to everyday devices like motors and transformers. The chapter is vital for board exams, with a strong focus on practical applications. Understandinging this topic not only helps with exam preparation but also provides a solid foundation for future studies in physics and engineering fields. With regular practice and revision, students can confidently answer the questions on this chapter.

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