Revision Notes for CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 (Biotechnology and its Applications) - Free PDF Download
Class 12 is the final chapter of school life and forms the foundation for your college education, and consequently, your career. NCERT solutions for Class 12 is an essential learning resource that will help you understand the syllabus clearly from an examination point of view. Since Class 12 is usually followed by a slew of competitive exams that gauge theoretic and application skills equally. Problem-solving is crucial for clearing 12th Standard with high grades. You can download Vedantu’s CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chapter 10- Biotechnology and its Applications online as PDF given below on this page.
Table of Content
Section−A (1 Mark Questions)
1. ADA is an enzyme which is crucial for the immune system to function. What is the full form of ADA?
Ans. Adenosine deaminase is an enzyme which is crucial for the immune system to function
2. Name a molecular diagnostic technique to detect the presence of a pathogen in its early stage of infection.
Ans. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) detects the presence of a pathogen in its early stage of infection.
3. What does Bt in Bt cotton stands for?
Ans. Bt in Bt cotton stands for Bacillus thuringiensis.
4. What was the name of first transgenic cow?
Ans. First transgenic cow was named Rosie.
5. What does GEAC stands for?
Ans. GEAC stands for Genetic Engineering Approval Committee.
Section−B (2 Mark Questions)
6. What is Biopiracy?
Ans. Biopiracy refers to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment.
7. Answer the following questions.
(i) For which Indian rice variety was patent filed by a USA company?
(ii) How are ‘cry’ and ‘CRY’ different from each other?
Ans. (i) Basmati rice is an Indian rice variety for which the patent was files by a USA company.
(ii) ‘cry’ is the gene that encodes for ‘CRY’ protein (Bt toxin).
8. What are the main objectives of GEAC?
Ans. GEAC is Genetic Engineering Approval Committee. It is an Indian government organization. Its main objectives are as follows:
To examine the validity of genetic modification research.
To inspect whether the use of genetically modified crops is safe for public use or not.
9. Name the following questions.
(i) Name the source organism of the gene cryIAc and its target pest.
(ii) Name the cry genes that control cotton bollworm and com borer respectively.
Ans. (i) Source of gene crylAc is Bacillus thuringiensis and its target pest-cotton bollworms.
(ii) The cry genes that control Cotton boll worm are cryIAc and cryIIAb, and Corn borer is controlled by the gene cryIAb.
10. Why should not the patent on Basmati have gone to an American company?
Ans. The patent on Basmati shouldn’t have gone to an American company for the following reasons:
The Basmati rice variety traditionally belongs to India.
The patented variety of Basmati was derived from ‘Indian farmer’s variety’.
11. Answer the following questions.
(i) What are genetically modified organisms (GMO)?
(ii) Give an example of GMO.
Ans. (i) Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are those organisms (i.e., plants, animals or microorganisms) in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination.
(ii) Golden rice is an example of GM crop.
PDF Summary - Class 12 Biology Bio-technology and Its Application Notes (Chapter 1)
1. Crystals of Bt toxin produced by some bacteria do not kill the bacteria themselves because—
bacteria are resistant to the toxin
the toxin is immature;
the toxin is inactive;
bacteria enclose toxins in a special sac.
Ans: (c) Toxin is inactive.
Explanation: An inactive form of Bt toxin, i.e., prototoxin is present in bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis. When it enters the insect’s gut it gets activated in the presence of stomach acid.
2. What are transgenic bacteria? Illustrate using any one example.
Ans: The other name used for transgenic bacteria is genetically modified bacteria. These kinds of bacteria have been specially designed to carry a foreign gene that has been introduced artificially into its genome so that it can express the desired gene to produce or create products having commercial importance.
Example: Escherichia coli is a transgenic bacterium that carries two DNA sequences corresponding to the A and B insulin chains of humans as a foreign gene to produce those insulin chains. Given below is an illustration showing the process of formation of human insulin.
3. Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the production of genetically modified crops.
Ans: Differences between advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified crops are:
4. What are Cry proteins? Name an organism that produces it. How has man exploited this protein to his benefit?
Ans: Cry proteins are those poisonous proteins that are insecticidal and are known to be secreted in crystal form and the toxin is produced by a gene which is known as cry.
An organism that produces this protein is a bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis.
In recent times, man has exploited this protein to produce crops that are transgenic such as BT cotton, BT brinjal, and many more which has developed resistance against the insects.
5. What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
Ans: Gene therapy is a technique that believes in utilizing genes to treat or prevent diseases. However, it can either replace a mutated gene that can cause disease or it is also capable of inactivating a mutated gene that fails to function normally.
Gene therapy is described below using the example of adenosine deaminase deficiency:
Due to adenosine deaminase deficiency, production of severe immunodeficiency as well as functions of T, B, and natural killer cells impairment can be seen.
These complications can be resolved with the help of gene therapy which contains \[CD34 + \]enriched cells subjected to transduction with a retroviral vector and the immune reconstitution can be done.
6. Diagrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing a human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli?
Ans: The following diagram represents the experimental steps in cloning and expressing a human growth hormone gene in E. coli.
7. Can you suggest a method to remove oil (hydrocarbon) from seeds based on your understanding of rDNA technology and the chemistry of oil?
Ans: Recombinant DNA technology is one of the methods to remove oil (hydrocarbon) from seeds.
The seed oils have glycerol and fatty acids as the main constituents. To remove oil from seeds we need to find those genes which produce those fatty acids and glycerol. Then appropriate genes can be removed by restriction endonuclease and reseal the DNA by ligases. Those cells can be grown in an artificial medium and new plants can be formed by micropropagation. These plants will contain seeds without oil.
8. Find out from the internet what golden rice is.
Ans: Golden rice can be rightly defined as the product of genetic engineering by performing biosynthesis of beta-carotene which is known to be the precursor of Vitamin A. The main reason behind producing golden rice is to introduce a nutritionally high dietary fiber in areas having a scarcity of dietary vitamins. Since rice is considered to be the staple diet and is quite cosmopolitan in distribution, therefore, this crop has been engineered genetically to curb the problem of nutrition deficiency globally.
9. Does our blood have proteases and nucleases?
Ans: No, human blood doesn’t have enzymes such as proteases and nucleases, at least not in active condition. If such enzymes are present in the blood, they would break down the proteins in the blood and the nucleic acids in the blood cells.
10. Consult the internet and find out how to make orally active & protein pharmaceuticals. What is the major problem to be encountered?
Ans: To make orally active and protein pharmaceuticals, the drugs must be undergone coating with the help of a film that is protein degrading enzyme resistant. The problem associated with the pharmaceutical drugs which can be consumed orally is that those drugs if made without proper coating or film, can be easily degraded by the enzymes such as proteases that are present in our alimentary canal.
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 - Biotechnology and its Applications
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10- Free PDF Download
NCERT Class 12 Biology has its Chapter 10 focusing on Biotechnology and its applications. Vedantu’s NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 solutions are prepared and curated by experts and will allow you to solve them quickly while simultaneously grasping the concepts. Some of these questions are also frequently repeated in board exams and are essential to entrance exams. These questions are mostly theoretical and are explained in detail in the solution. Download free CBSE NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 solutions PDF with a single click on the pdf link given below. It will help you clear you Chapter 10 - Biotechnology and its applications concepts clearly.
Chapter 10 - Biotechnology and its Applications
The chapter covers the basic concepts of Biotechnology and its uses in various fields.
The focal points of Biotechnology and its applications are emphasized.
The chapter discusses the applications of Biotechnology in industries such as agriculture and medicine.
Biotechnology research is also addressed in the chapter.
The applications of Biotechnology in farming and pharmaceuticals are discussed.
The chapter explores Genetics and Genetically Modified organisms.
Ethical issues related to Biotechnology are also a focus.
The chapter is theory-oriented, with a strong emphasis on applications in agriculture and medicine.
Weightage is given to practices, standard methods, and examples in agriculture and medicine.
Questions in the chapter will be based on the data covered in the chapter.
Answers to the questions should include key points relevant to the topic, including processes, applications, and examples.
Benefits of CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology
Biology can be a tricky subject to learn without an understanding of the concepts. A lot of students tend to mug up the theory, and this is usually wasted effort and not an effective method. Our carefully curated and well-structured material will help you learn by understanding rather than memorizing. These are some of the benefits you will gain by using our NCERT Class 12 Biology solutions:
Accurate solutions that are curated properly, explained easily, and prepared as per CBSE Guidelines by experts of the topic.
The solutions contain the points relevant to the question to help you score maximum marks.
The answers are detailed and connected to the theory taught in the textbook.
The solutions are available online for free in PDF Format.
How Would Vedantu’s Study Materials Help The Students?
Vedantu offers study materials for all subjects and classes.
The study materials are useful for students of any class.
The materials are designed to help students secure maximum marks in examinations.
Solutions for each topic are provided by subject experts.
The solutions are curated according to CBSE Guidelines.
Test papers, solution keys, and other study materials contain important content related to the topics.
The solution keys specifically include relevant points to help students secure maximum marks.
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Related Study Materials for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology | Chapter-wise Links
Given below are the chapter-wise links for NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology. These solutions are provided by the Biology experts at Vedantu in a detailed manner. You can download FREE PDFs of these chapter-wise solutions to be thoroughly familiar with the concepts.
Other Related Links for Class 12 Biology
Conclusion
In conclusion, Vedantu's NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology provide comprehensive and reliable support for students studying this subject. The solutions are carefully curated by subject experts, ensuring alignment with the CBSE guidelines. With a focus on helping students secure maximum marks in examinations, these solutions offer clear and concise explanations for each topic covered in the chapter. The solution keys are particularly valuable, as they provide relevant points to address specific questions and enhance performance. Additionally, Vedantu's platform offers a convenient means for students to seek academic help and clear their doubts. By utilizing Vedantu's NCERT Solutions, students can effectively navigate the complexities of Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 and excel in their studies.
FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Biotechnology and Its Applications
1. What is the correct stepwise approach to solving NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 questions as per CBSE 2025–26 guidelines?
Start by reading the question carefully to identify the main concept. Then, outline the relevant NCERT theory from the textbook. Use a logical sequence to explain your answer step by step, incorporating definitions, diagrams if asked, and examples provided in the chapter. Review your answer to ensure you followed the prescribed method for full marks.
2. How do NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 help clarify the application of biotechnology in agriculture and medicine?
These solutions provide detailed step-by-step explanations for the practical uses of biotechnology, such as development of genetically modified crops and production of medicines, ensuring students understand the scientific reasoning and processes as outlined by CBSE curriculum.
3. What are some common mistakes students make in answering application-based questions in this chapter, and how can they be avoided?
Common errors include missing steps in gene manipulation methods, confusing the functions of enzymes like ADA, or providing incomplete examples. To avoid this, always structure your answer logically, define key terms, and support explanations with correct CBSE-approved examples.
4. Why is the use of stepwise solutions emphasized in questions about genetic engineering and transgenic organisms?
Stepwise solutions ensure that all critical stages of genetic engineering (such as isolation, insertion, and expression of genes) are addressed, demonstrating a clear understanding of mechanisms, which is crucial for full marks as per CBSE protocols.
5. What is the importance of including ethical issues when solving questions from Chapter 10 on Biotechnology and Its Applications?
It is important because ethical considerations form a significant part of the syllabus and are often asked in exams. Demonstrating awareness of biosafety, biopiracy, and regulatory frameworks like GEAC shows a comprehensive grasp of the topic.
6. How can using NCERT Solutions improve conceptual clarity in topics like cry gene and Bt crops?
The solutions break down each step of the concept, such as how the cry gene is inserted into a plant's genome and its effects, making it easier to visualize and understand, rather than just memorize the facts.
7. In questions about gene therapy and ADA deficiency, how should students present their answers for maximum marks?
They should define gene therapy, explain the steps for treating ADA deficiency, and include diagrams if possible. Each stage (like isolation, insertion, and patient outcome) should be clearly outlined as per the solution method.
8. What strategies from NCERT Solutions can help tackle short answer and long answer questions efficiently in this chapter?
For short answers, focus on precise definitions and key examples. For long answers, structure the response with an introduction, detailed explanation, and a relevant conclusion. Using the stepwise format from NCERT Solutions increases answer clarity and reduces error.
9. How do the provided NCERT Solutions address the differences between 'cry' gene and CRY protein?
The solutions clarify that ‘cry’ refers to the gene encoding the CRY protein, which acts as a Bt toxin. Including both terms with definitions and linking them with their biological significance matches CBSE marking schemes.
10. What is a recommended method from NCERT Solutions for answering diagram-based questions in biotechnology applications?
Start with a well-labelled, neat diagram that follows NCERT standard. Explain each part in order, relate it to the function (e.g., cloning steps in E. coli), and ensure each step is written in a logical, numbered manner.
11. Why is it important to include both advantages and disadvantages when asked about genetically modified crops?
Including both sides shows a balanced understanding and analytical approach, which is valued in CBSE answers. NCERT Solutions often present points in
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
12. What role does the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) play, and how should its objectives be framed in solutions?
The GEAC is responsible for evaluation and approval of genetically modified organisms for public use. Solutions explain its
- validation of GM research
- assessment of safety for public and environment
13. How should students approach questions on ethical issues and biopiracy in biotechnology using the solutions methodology?
Students should define each term, illustrate with case studies (such as Basmati rice patent controversy), and discuss implications for local communities and global regulations, following NCERT's step-by-step analytical approach.
14. How do NCERT Solutions guide the framing of answers for questions about transgenic animals and their uses?
The solutions emphasize starting with a definition of transgenic animals, stating the method of gene introduction, and providing at least one example (like Rosie the cow), along with their importance in research or medicine.
