NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Political Science Chapter 4 Executive - 2025-26

1. A parliamentary executive means:

1. Executive where there is a parliament

1. Executive elected by the parliament

2. Where the parliament functions as the Executive

3. Executive that is dependent on support of the majority in the parliament
   
   

Answer: (d) An executive that functions only as long as it enjoys the support of the majority in Parliament.

2. Read this dialogue. Which argument do you agree with? Why?

Amit: Looking at the constitutional provisions, it seems that the President is only a rubber stamp.

Shama: The President appoints the Prime Minister. So, he must have the powers to remove the Prime Minister as well.

Rajesh: We don’t need a President. After the election, the Parliament can meet and elect a leader to be the Prime Minister.

Answer: Shama’s view is closer to reality. The President is not merely a rubber stamp—he has discretion while appointing the Prime Minister, especially in case of a hung Parliament. However, once a Prime Minister is appointed, the government survives only as long as it enjoys the majority in the Lok Sabha. The President cannot remove the Prime Minister at will; the council falls automatically if it loses majority support.

3. Match the following:

Ans:

(b)

(c)

(d)

(a)

4. Identify the ministry which may have released the following news items. Would this be a ministry of the central government or the State government? Why?

1. An official release said that in 2004-05, the Tamil Nadu Textbooks Corporation would release new versions for standards VII, X and XI.
   
   

2. A new railway loop line bypassing the crowded Tiruvallur-Chennai section to help iron-ore exporters. The new line, likely to be about 80 km long, will branch off at Puttur and then reach Athipattu near the port.
   
   

3. The three-member sub-divisional committee formed to verify suicide by farmers in Ramayampet mandal has found that the two farmers who committed suicide this month have had economic problems due to the failure of crops.
   
   

Answer:

1. Ministry of Education, State Government — education is on the State List.
   
   

2. Ministry of Railways, Central Government — railways fall under the Union List.
   
   

3. Ministry of Agriculture, State Government — agriculture is primarily a state subject.

5. While appointing the Prime Minister, the President selects

1. Leader of the largest party in the Lok Sabha.
   
   

2. Leader of the largest party in the alliance which secures a majority in the Lok Sabha.
   
   

3. The leader of the largest party in the Rajya Sabha.
   
   

4. Leader of the alliance or party that has the support of the majority in Lok Sabha.
   
   

Answer: (d) Leader of the alliance or party that commands majority support in the Lok Sabha.

6. Read this discussion and say which of these statements applies most to India.

Alok: Prime Minister is like a king, he decides everything in our country.

Shekhar: Prime Minister is only the ‘first among equals’, he does not have any special powers. All ministers and the PM have similar powers.

Bobby: Prime Minister has to consider the expectations of the party members and other supporters of the government. But after all, the Prime Minister has a greater say in policy making and in choosing the ministers.

Answer: Bobby’s statement reflects the reality in India, as the Prime Minister is the key decision-maker while still operating within collective responsibility.

7. Why do you think is the advice of the Council of Ministers binding on the President? Give your answer in not more than 100 words.

Answer: In India’s parliamentary system, the President is the nominal head, while real power rests with the Council of Ministers. Article 74(1) makes it clear that the President must act on their advice. Even if the President asks for reconsideration, he is bound to follow the final advice given by the Council. This ensures accountability to the elected legislature.

8. The parliamentary system of executive vests many powers in the legislature for controlling the executive. Why, do you think, is it so necessary to control the executive?

Answer: The executive remains in office only while it retains the confidence of Parliament. Legislative control prevents misuse of authority, aligns policies with public expectations, and upholds democratic accountability through questions, debates, motions and votes of confidence/no-confidence.

9. It is said that there is too much political interference in the working of the administrative machinery. It is suggested that there should be more and more autonomous agencies which do not have to answer to the ministers.

1. Do you think this will make administration more people-friendly?
   
   

2. Do you think this will make administration more efficient?
   
   

3. Does democracy mean full control of elected representatives over the administration?
   
   

Answer:

1. (a) Not necessarily. Removing elected oversight may reduce responsiveness to citizens.
   
   

2. (b) Yes, greater autonomy can improve efficiency by limiting undue interference.
   
   

3. (c) No. Representatives frame policies; administrators implement them impartially and professionally.

10. Write an essay of two hundred words on the proposal to have an elected administration instead of an appointed administration.

Answer: Replacing an appointed administration with an elected one may seem democratic, but it would create instability and inefficiency. Administrators are chosen for their expertise, training, and ability to manage departments effectively. Their role is to implement policies, plan development, and ensure welfare programs reach the people. An elected administration, on the other hand, might focus more on politics than governance, leading to frequent disruptions. Appointed officials bring professionalism, continuity, and technical knowledge that elected administrators may lack. For this reason, an appointed administration is better suited for ensuring stable, efficient, and effective governance.

Understanding Election and Representation in Indian Democracy

The chapter Election and Representation in Class 11 Political Science explains India's methods of electing representatives. Mastering core topics such as the FPTP system and proportional representation empowers you to solve exam questions with ease.

By practicing NCERT exercises, students gain deeper insight into the role of elections, reservation of constituencies, and functioning of the Election Commission. Consistent revision of these concepts will boost your confidence and performance in CBSE exams and school tests.

Remember to highlight important facts and stay updated on recent legislative reforms. Regular study of chapter-wise NCERT solutions ensures clarity on all topics and helps you score higher in Political Science for the 2025-26 academic year.