Detailed Analysis: The Enemy’s Plot, Characters, and Themes
Living during wartime in Japan, Dr. Sadao Hoki and his wife, Hana, spot a dark shape in the surf that turns out to be a white man; a severely wounded soldier. At first, they agree to turn the man over to authorities as a prisoner of war. This makes perfect sense considering not just the ramifications of treating his wounds, but because the doctor and his wife are both virulent racist nationalists who consider the Japanese to be superior to the white race anywhere in the world. They had met in America before the war and only proposed because his father consented to his choice.
Changing their minds in the face of the massive trauma exhibited by the man, the two agree to take him back to their home and treat his injuries as an act of humanitarian compassion consistent with their belief in the superiority of the Japanese people. They must inform their servants of this decision, of course. The servants are every bit as racially prejudiced and biassed as their employers, but their edges have not been softened by the humanitarianism of medical service. The servants make no secret of their belief that the man should have been left to die and of their coldness towards the doctor and his wife.
After a week of treating the white man and helping him recover from his life-threatening injuries, the servants quit when their ultimatum, that the man be turned over to the authorities, is met by the doctor’s steadfast resolve. Mean the man an American named Tom—is well enough to thank the doctor for saving his life. The doctor warns him not to be premature with this assessment. When a messenger arrives for her husband, Hana is terrified that the servants have spilt beans and they are about to be punished.
Instead, the message directed Dr. Hoki to a patient consultation with General Takima, a wife-beating hero of the Battle of Manchuria. Takima is very ill and will likely die without the surgical skill of the doctor. Sadao chooses to confess to the General about the situation with the injured soldier. The General, in a remarkable display of self-interest over duty, agrees to keep the secret. After all, if he turns in the doctor, then Sadao will likely be executed, and he needs the doctor alive in order to prolong his own life. They reach an agreement in which the General will send assassins to kill Tom.
After a few days, the soldier not only has not been assassinated but has recovered much of his strength, which intensifies the doctor’s fear. Since it seems the General has changed the plans they agreed upon, Dr. Hoki takes it upon himself to arrange the man’s nighttime escape aboard a Korean fishing boat without informing his wife. The escape plan seems to be going off without a hitch.
Then, the doctor is called in for emergency surgery to save the General’s life and when the patient is strong enough to receive the news, he tells him that his prisoner somehow escapes in the night. The General confesses that he was worried about his own life to the degree that he had completely forgotten the assassination agreement. He then goes on very strongly that it was simply a case of carelessness and most certainly not a dereliction of duty or lack of patriotism. The two men strike a deal to keep it a secret, with the General promising Sadao that he will be rewarded.
Dr. Hoki looks out towards the horizon for the American’s signal that he was still safely in his hiding spot awaiting the arrival of the fishing boat. However, the sunsets without a signal, informing the doctor that the escape was successful. This, Dr. Hoki thinks, is his real reward. As he ponders his time in America, the true depth of his irrational prejudice against the white race is revealed through his thoughts. Such is the depth of his hatred of the “repulsive” whites of the world that he is actually glad the country is at war with them.
Biggest Takeaway from the Enemy
To summarise, we learn how love and compassion, rather than prejudices and biases against other individuals with whom we share nothing but the link of being humans, may help us become better human beings.
FAQs on The Enemy Summary: Key Themes, Characters & Moral Lessons
1. What is the basic plot of the story 'The Enemy'?
The story is about Dr. Sadao Hoki, a highly skilled Japanese surgeon during World War II. He discovers a wounded American prisoner of war washed ashore near his home. Despite the immense risk of being seen as a traitor, Dr. Sadao's duty as a doctor compels him to operate and save the American's life. The plot follows his internal conflict as he hides the 'enemy' and ultimately helps him escape, choosing humanity over national duty.
2. What is the main theme explored in 'The Enemy'?
The primary theme is the conflict between humanity and patriotism. The story questions whether a person's duty to their country should override their moral obligation to save another human being. It strongly suggests that compassion and professional ethics can transcend national boundaries and the hatred fueled by war.
3. What is the central conflict that Dr. Sadao faces in the story?
The central conflict is an internal one, often described as 'Doctor's Duty vs. Citizen's Duty'. Here's the breakdown:
- As a doctor, he took an oath to save any life, regardless of the patient's identity.
- As a Japanese citizen during the war, he was expected to view the American soldier as an enemy and hand him over to the military.
4. Who are the main characters in 'The Enemy' and what roles do they play?
The main characters are:
- Dr. Sadao Hoki: The protagonist, a Japanese surgeon who embodies the conflict between medical ethics and patriotism.
- Hana: Sadao's compassionate wife, who supports her husband's decision despite her fears, representing loyalty and shared humanity.
- Tom: The American prisoner of war, whose arrival creates the story's central moral dilemma.
- The General: An old, selfish army general who relies on Dr. Sadao's skills, representing the impersonal and self-serving nature of authority.
5. How does the story 'The Enemy' explain the difference between patriotism and humanity?
The story explains this through Dr. Sadao's actions. His patriotism is shown when he hesitates to help and reports the soldier to the General. However, his humanity is shown when he instinctively cleans the wounds and performs a difficult surgery. By ultimately helping the soldier escape, he proves that his fundamental human values were more powerful than his nationalistic duties.
6. Why is the ending of 'The Enemy' so important for understanding its message?
The ending is important because it confirms Dr. Sadao's motivations. As he waits for the American's signal and reflects, he wonders why he couldn't kill him. He concludes it wasn't due to any fondness for Americans but due to a deep-rooted human instinct he could not suppress. This reinforces the story's main idea that compassion is a universal force that exists beyond prejudice and conflict.
7. What role does Dr. Sadao's wife, Hana, play in resolving the story's dilemma?
Hana acts as a crucial moral support for Dr. Sadao. While initially scared, her compassion wins over her fear. She helps her husband care for the soldier, even when their servants desert them. Her unwavering support gives Sadao the courage and reinforcement he needs to follow his conscience instead of giving in to the pressures of war and society.
8. What does 'The Enemy' teach us about professional ethics in real life?
The story teaches that professional ethics can serve as a powerful moral compass. Dr. Sadao was raised with prejudice against his country's enemies. However, his training and ethics as a doctor—to preserve life above all else—forced him to look beyond the label of 'enemy'. This shows how professional duties can guide us to act with integrity, even when faced with intense social or political pressure.
