We the Travellers—II Class 5 Maths Chapter 4 CBSE Notes 2025-26

Chapter 4 of Class 5 Maths focuses on addition and subtraction in real-life contexts, using relatable examples and simple math challenges to deepen students' understanding. The chapter encourages students to explore ways of making sums equal, understand consecutive numbers, and master large number calculations.

Making Sums Equal A key concept introduced is forming two groups of numbers and balancing their sums by interchanging numbers. This helps students visualize how changing numbers between groups impacts the total sum and promotes logical thinking. By experimenting with the least number of moves, students practise analytic skills while reinforcing basic addition and subtraction.

Addition and Subtraction with Real-Life Examples The chapter highlights how different vehicles consume varied amounts of fuel, encouraging careful use of resources. For example, a lorry may have 28 litres in its tank and adds 75 litres, bringing the total to 103 litres. Students practise similar problems, like calculating how much more fuel is needed or the difference between two measurements.

Various short addition exercises include problems such as 15 + 79, 46 + 99, and 69 + 20, allowing practice of regrouping and using place value effectively. Addition stories also use everyday events, such as finding out how much Mahesh’s family spends on a long journey by adding ₹21,880 and ₹38,900 to determine the total expense.

Relationship Between Addition and Subtraction The text explores the mathematical relationship where, if $A+B=C$, then $C-B=A$ and $C-A=B$, building a strong foundation for both operations. For example, if 78 + 164 = 242, then 242 – 164 = 78 and 242 – 78 = 164. Students are challenged with similar sentence structures involving both addition and subtraction, promoting deeper conceptual understanding.

Deeper exercises show how subtraction can be checked by addition, for example, if a minibus has 18 litres of fuel, and after refilling reads 65 litres, then the quantity filled is 65 – 18 = 47 litres. They can verify by checking if 18 + 47 equal the final value.

Consecutive Numbers and Patterns The chapter introduces consecutive numbers, or numbers that follow one another without gaps, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Students observe patterns when adding two, three, or more consecutive numbers using clear tables.

Students learn to analyze the parity (evenness and oddness) of sums and recognize patterns, such as the difference between two successive sums and how these patterns help in finding results quickly.

They are encouraged to find sums like 67 + 68 + 69 or 24 + 25 + 26 + 27 by noticing patterns rather than adding every number, making mental math faster and easier.

Adding and Subtracting Large Numbers Real-life journeys such as the North–South Corridor in India (from Srinagar to Kanniyakumari) help contextualize big numbers. For instance, students calculate the total length (1,855 km + 1,862 km = 3,717 km) of a route. Similarly, large purchases or expenses, such as family trips, are used to frame addition and subtraction of five-digit numbers.

• Questions like 46,120 + 12,890, 12 + 123, or 77,777 – 777 allow students to practice their skills with different digit numbers.
• Word problems include calculating the total distance travelled on a road trip and finding pairs of numbers whose sum is closest to a given target, such as 10,000 or 15,000.

In the context of shipping routes, students compute remaining distances and differences, such as 2,700 km – 1,083 km, reinforcing subtraction with practical stories.

Estimation and Word Problems The chapter provides estimation exercises, where students decide if there is enough money for a list of purchases or enough space on a truck for a load. For example, if a school council has ₹70,500 and wants items costing ₹39,785, ₹9,545, and ₹19,548, students must estimate and then calculate if the sum is within the budget.

Similarly, when a truck with a maximum capacity of 8,250 kg is loaded with cement and steel, students determine both the total weight already loaded and the remaining capacity.

Quick Sums and Tricks Students learn tricks for making 100, 1,000, or 10,000 by adding appropriate numbers, such as 32 + ___ = 100 or 4,103 + ___ = 10,000. They also practice rapid subtraction near round numbers (e.g., 144 – 9), and use their calculated results to answer related problems without repeating calculations.

Odd and Even Numbers, Palindromes, and Patterns There is a focus on identifying even and odd numbers from a given list, and exploring palindromes (numbers that read the same backwards and forwards), such as finding all palindromes between 100 and 200 or 900 and 1,200.

• Arranging numbers 1–9 in a 3×3 grid in both increasing and decreasing order for rows and columns enhances logical sequencing.
• Repeated addition or subtraction helps in visualizing how patterns form and change.

The chapter also discusses what happens if you add only even numbers, only odd numbers, or a combination, and encourages observation of patterns in different pairings.

Coin combinations are addressed in questions like finding ways to pay exactly ₹38 with various denominations, and logical patterns (such as a torch turning ON or OFF after a certain number of presses) are explored.

Real-Life Data and Applications A ‘Math Metric Mela’ scenario is used to reinforce addition and subtraction using actual numbers, where students compare the number of certificates printed for each district with the attendance of students. Table-based problems enhance data-handling skills.

Students check if certificates were enough, or calculate the shortage or surplus as appropriate, learning to interpret and work with real data.

Challenging and Diverse Problem Types Short addition and subtraction exercises (e.g., 2,009 + 7,388 or 458 – 226), multi-step problems, number patterns, and comparative questions ensure thorough practice and understanding. There are exercises about savings and purchases, production targets in a factory, and sportspersons’ scores, using varied contexts relevant to students’ lives.

The chapter ends with real-world stories and data such as mountain climbing records by Priyanka Mohite, letting students use height data from a table for practice with differences and year calculations. This comprehensive approach makes maths engaging and applicable for daily problem-solving.

Class 5 Maths Chapter 4 Notes – Key Points for Quick Revision

These Class 5 Maths Chapter 4 notes cover important concepts like addition, subtraction, consecutive numbers, and pattern recognition with practical examples. The content is laid out in simple steps, helping you revise quickly and remember key points from the chapter.

Using real-life scenarios and clear tables, these notes make it easy to understand sums, differences, and their relationships. They are ideal for last-minute revision and to strengthen your understanding of basic mathematical operations.