Step-by-Step Solutions For Class 8 Science Chapter 18 In Hindi - Free PDF Download
FAQs on NCERT Solutions For Class 8 Science Chapter 18 Pollution Of Air And Water in Hindi - 2025-26
1. How do the NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 explain the difference between pure and polluted air?
As per the NCERT solutions for the 2025-26 syllabus, pure air is described as a natural mixture of gases, primarily 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen, with trace amounts of other gases. The solutions explain that air becomes polluted when this composition is altered by the introduction of harmful substances called pollutants, such as sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and excess carbon dioxide, which are harmful to both living and non-living things.
2. What is the correct method outlined in the NCERT solutions to explain the threat to the Taj Mahal's beauty?
The NCERT solutions explain this phenomenon using the concept of acid rain. The step-by-step explanation is as follows:
- Industries in and around Agra release pollutants like sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂).
- These gases react with water vapour in the atmosphere to form sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) and nitric acid (HNO₃).
- These acids fall down with rain, a phenomenon called acid rain.
- This acid rain corrodes the monument's white marble (calcium carbonate), causing it to discolour and deteriorate. This process is also known as 'marble cancer'.
3. How do the NCERT Solutions for Chapter 18 define the greenhouse effect and list the main greenhouse gases?
The NCERT solutions define the greenhouse effect as the process where the sun's radiation is trapped by the Earth's atmosphere, warming the planet. A part of the solar radiation that falls on Earth is reflected back, and this reflected radiation is trapped by certain gases. The primary greenhouse gases identified in the chapter are carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and water vapour.
4. What is potable water, and what methods for water purification are described in the Class 8 Science NCERT solutions?
According to the NCERT solutions, potable water is water that is safe and fit for human consumption. The chapter outlines several methods to obtain it:
- Filtration: A physical method to remove suspended impurities using a filter, like a candle-type filter.
- Boiling: A common household method that kills harmful germs present in the water.
- Chlorination: A chemical method where chlorine tablets or bleaching powder are added to the water to kill microorganisms. This is a standard step in municipal water treatment.
5. How do the NCERT solutions for Class 8 Science propose reducing air pollution at an individual level?
The NCERT solutions suggest several actionable steps for students:
- Opt for public transport, carpooling, or use bicycles instead of private vehicles.
- Promote the use of clean fuels like LPG and CNG over traditional fuels like wood or coal.
- Participate in community initiatives like Van Mahotsav to plant more trees, as trees absorb carbon dioxide.
- Avoid burning dry leaves and other waste; instead, compost them.
- Conserve energy to reduce the demand on power plants, which are a major source of pollution.
6. Why is the step-by-step explanation of the greenhouse effect in the NCERT solutions crucial for understanding global warming?
The step-by-step method is crucial because it helps differentiate between the natural, beneficial greenhouse effect and the enhanced, harmful effect leading to global warming. The solutions clarify that the natural trapping of heat is essential for life. However, excessive human activities release more greenhouse gases, which trap too much heat. This enhanced trapping causes a gradual increase in the Earth's average temperature, known as global warming. Understanding this sequence is vital to grasp the cause-and-effect relationship correctly.
7. How do the NCERT solutions clarify the impact of releasing untreated sewage and industrial waste into water bodies?
The solutions explain that untreated sewage contains harmful microorganisms like bacteria and viruses that cause diseases such as cholera and typhoid. Industrial waste often contains toxic chemicals like arsenic, lead, and fluorides. When these are released into water, they not only make the water unfit for drinking but also destroy aquatic life by changing the temperature and acidity of the water and poisoning the food chain. This structured explanation helps in understanding the distinct dangers of each type of pollutant.
8. How do the NCERT solutions for this chapter connect the concepts of air and water pollution?
The NCERT solutions establish a direct link between air and water pollution primarily through the concept of acid rain. Air pollutants like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, released from factories and vehicles, react with atmospheric water to form acids. When this acidic water falls as rain, it not only damages monuments and forests but also contaminates rivers and lakes, making them acidic and harming aquatic ecosystems. This shows how a problem originating in the air directly pollutes water resources.

















