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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 – Recent Developments in Indian Politics

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Stepwise Answers & Exam Tips for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8

Curious about the key shifts in modern Indian politics? Our NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 break down Recent Developments In Indian Politics, making complex events simple to grasp for CBSE 2025–26 students.


Find clear, stepwise answers, structured by exercise, just as in your textbook. Whether you want quick revision notes, Political Science Chapter 8 solutions 2025–26, or free PDF downloads, everything is crafted to boost your confidence before exams.


Get exam-focused tips, definitions, and presentation strategies to maximise marks. These project-friendly, CBSE-aligned resources make it easier to understand every topic, from back exercises to frequently asked questions.


Stepwise Answers & Exam Tips for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8

EXERCISES


  1. Unscramble a bunch of disarranged press clipping file of Unni-Munni and arrange the file chronologically.
    • (a) Implementation of the recommendation of the Mandal Commission
    • (b) Formation of the Janata Dal
    • (c) Supreme court Judgment on the Ram Janmabhoomi
    • (d) Assassination of Indira Gandhi
    • (e) The formation of NDA government
    • (f) Formation of the UPA government

    Answer:

    • (d) Assassination of Indira Gandhi (1984)
    • (b) Formation of the Janata Dal (1988)
    • (a) Implementation of the recommendation of the Mandal Commission (1990)
    • (e) The formation of NDA government (1999)
    • (f) Formation of the UPA government (2004)
    • (c) Supreme court Judgment on the Ram Janmabhoomi (2019)
  2. Match the following.
    • (a) Politics of Consensus i. Shah Bano case
    • (b) Caste based parties ii. Rise of OBCs
    • (c) Personal Law and Gender Justice iii. Coalition government
    • (d) Growing strength of Regional parties iv. Agreement on Economic policies

    Answer:

    Questions Answer
    (a) Politics of Consensus (iv) Agreement on Economic policies
    (b) Caste based parties (ii) Rise of OBCs
    (c) Personal Law and Gender Justice (i) Shah Bano case
    (d) Growing strength of Regional parties (iii) Coalition government

  3. State the main issues in Indian politics in the period after 1989. What different configurations of political parties these differences lead to?

    Answer: The main issues after 1989 include the decline of Congress dominance, rise of coalition governments, implementation of Mandal Commission, the Ayodhya movement, emergence of regional and caste-based parties, and adoption of economic reforms. These led to multi-party alliances, frequent formation of coalition governments, and a significant role for regional parties in national politics.


  4. “In the new era of coalition politics, political parties are not aligning or re-aligning on the basis of ideology.” What arguments would you put forward to support or oppose this statement?

    Answer: Support: Many alliances are made for the sake of forming governments rather than on ideological similarity, as seen in various coalitions. Oppose: Some parties still refuse support based on ideological grounds. However, pragmatic power sharing and winning elections have become more important than strict ideology.


  5. Trace the emergence of BJP as a significant force in post-Emergency politics.

    Answer: After the Janata Party split, BJP was formed in 1980. It initially followed Gandhian Socialism but later shifted to cultural nationalism and Hindutva issues like Ayodhya. The party’s political influence grew steadily from the 1980s, and by the late 1990s it formed and led the NDA government. The BJP secured majority on its own in 2014 and 2019 with widespread national support.


  6. In spite of the decline of Congress dominance, the Congress party continues to influence politics in the country. Do you agree? Give reasons.

    Answer: Yes, the Congress continues to influence Indian politics. It remains a principal opposition party, shapes government policies through alliances, provides national-level leadership, and played a key role in UPA governments. Its decisions and positions still impact political discourse and electoral strategies.


  7. Many people think that a two-party system is required for successful democracy. Drawing from India’s experience of last 30 years, write an essay on what advantages the present party system in India has.

    Answer: India’s multi-party system allows the representation of diverse interests—regions, castes, religions, and languages—in Parliament. It encourages coalition governments that necessitate consensus and negotiation. This inclusiveness deepens democracy, prevents domination by a single party, and reflects India’s plural culture, making the democracy more participatory and responsive to people's needs.


  8. Read the passage and answer the questions below:
    Party politics in India has confronted numerous challenges. Not only has the Congress system destroyed itself, but the fragmentation of the Congress coalition has triggered a new emphasis on self-representation which raises questions about the party system and its capacity to accommodate diverse interests, .... . An important test facing the polity is to evolve a party system or political parties that can effectively articulate and aggregate a variety of interests. — Zoya Hasan
    1. Write a short note on what the author calls challenges of the party system in the light of what you have read in this chapter.

      Answer: Major challenges include fragmentation of the Congress-led alliance, rise of self-representation by different groups (regions, castes), and difficulties in aggregating and accommodating diverse interests in a rapidly changing political scenario marked by coalitions and competition.


    2. Give an example from this chapter of the lack of accommodation and aggregation mentioned in this passage.

      Answer: The sharp divide between Dalit and OBC parties (such as BSP and various OBC-based parties) in UP, where instead of coming together, they developed in competition with each other, exemplifies the lack of aggregation and accommodation.


    3. Why is it necessary for parties to accommodate and aggregate variety of interests?

      Answer: Parties must accommodate and aggregate varied interests to ensure inclusive governance, social harmony, and democratic stability. This enables representation for all sections, addresses grievances, strengthens unity, and fosters collective national progress.


Recent Developments in Indian Politics – Key Highlights and Study Tips

Mastering Recent Developments in Indian Politics from the NCERT Class 12 Political Science syllabus is crucial for board exams. By understanding coalition politics, Mandalisation, and shifts like the rise of BJP and regional parties, you’ll improve your analytical and answer-writing skills.


Use the chapter-wise NCERT solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 to revise systematically. Focus on explaining key movements and major government changes. Practicing these topics ensures conceptual clarity while preparing for the exam and enhances your overall performance.


For better retention, break down complex events like the Mandal Commission implementation and evolution of coalition governments into timelines and points. Make short notes for quick revision and review previous years’ trends to excel in board examinations.


FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 – Recent Developments in Indian Politics

1. What are the key topics covered in NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 Recent Developments In Indian Politics?

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 focus on recent developments in Indian politics since the 1980s, helping students understand modern trends and changes. Key topics include:

  • Coalition politics and the rise of regional parties
  • Role of Congress and BJP
  • Rise of caste-based and regional politics
  • Major political events since 1989
  • Judiciary and Election Commission reforms
These solutions are aligned with the CBSE 2025–26 syllabus for Class 12 Political Science.

2. How should I write stepwise NCERT answers to Class 12 Political Science questions to score full marks?

To score full marks, structure your answers stepwise using key concepts and definitions with proper presentation. Follow these tips:

  • Start with a direct and precise definition or introduction
  • Present each point in a separate line or paragraph
  • Use bullet points or numbering for clarity
  • Highlight key terms (like coalition, regionalism, etc.)
  • Support answers with relevant examples, dates, or events
  • Conclude with a summary where required
This method reflects NCERT guidelines and CBSE marking schemes for Class 12 Political Science.

3. Which recent developments in Indian politics are important for CBSE board exams?

Some important developments in Indian politics that frequently appear in CBSE exams are:

  • Coalition era and fall of single-party dominance (since 1989)
  • Emergence of regional parties and their impact
  • Role of Mandal Commission and OBC reservations
  • Economic reforms (Liberalisation, 1991)
  • Political role of judiciary and election reforms
  • Babri Masjid demolition and its political implications
Prepare these topics using stepwise NCERT solutions for maximum marks.

4. Are diagrams or definitions mandatory in Class 12 Political Science answers?

Definitions are essential wherever a concept or event is involved, while diagrams are required mainly for questions involving maps or political trends.

  • Always provide clear definitions of key terms like coalition, regionalism, liberalisation, etc.
  • Use diagrams or labelled maps if specifically asked or if the question involves election trends or regions
  • Neatness and clarity in diagrams can earn you extra marks
Including both ensures high scores as per CBSE evaluation standards.

5. How do I structure long answers in NCERT Political Science to achieve better marks?

For long answers, use a systematic format to address all parts of the question:

  • Begin with an introduction stating the main theme
  • Break into sub-headings or paragraphs for each point
  • Provide examples, events, and names of leaders
  • Conclude with a summary or your opinion if asked
  • Use keywords from the syllabus and markscheme
This approach helps you score well according to the CBSE marking scheme for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8.

6. Where can I download the free PDF of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8?

You can download the free PDF of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 Recent Developments In Indian Politics from trusted educational websites aligning with the CBSE syllabus. Steps:

  • Look for dedicated solutions pages for Class 12 Political Science
  • Ensure the PDF covers the 2025–26 syllabus
  • Download with a single click for offline access
This resource helps with revision and exam preparation.

7. What are common mistakes to avoid when answering Political Science Chapter 8 questions?

To prevent losing marks in Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 answers, avoid these common mistakes:

  • Missing key terms/definitions
  • Ignoring the stepwise format
  • Omitting significant events, dates, or examples
  • Not highlighting keywords
  • Poor diagram/map labelling (if required)
Follow NCERT-style solutions and CBSE guidelines for better marks.

8. Are NCERT Solutions enough for Class 12 Political Science board preparation?

NCERT Solutions are usually sufficient for scoring well in CBSE Class 12 Political Science exams since they align directly with the syllabus. To maximize marks:

  • Follow stepwise answers and explanations
  • Revise definitions, key events, and important examples
  • Practice additional important and exemplar questions for in-depth preparation
Combine NCERT Solutions with sample papers and revision notes for the best results.

9. How can I revise NCERT Political Science Chapter 8 quickly before the exam?

For fast and effective revision of Political Science Chapter 8:

  • Use chapterwise quick notes or flashcards
  • Review key definitions and timelines
  • Skim through stepwise solutions for common questions
  • Label important events and leaders
  • Attempt MCQs and sample questions for practice
This approach ensures syllabus coverage and exam readiness.

10. What is the CBSE marking scheme for Political Science Chapter 8 answers?

The CBSE marking scheme rewards answers that are:

  • Stepwise and logically structured
  • Include key terms, dates, and examples from the syllabus
  • Presented with correct definitions and, where needed, diagrams
  • Free from factual errors
  • Concise yet complete as per the marks allotted
Following model NCERT Solutions helps you meet these criteria for maximum marks.

11. Do examiners award partial marks for correct steps even if the final answer is wrong?

Yes, in the CBSE marking scheme for Class 12 Political Science, examiners often give partial marks for correct steps, keywords, and relevant facts even if the final conclusion is incorrect. Always show:

  • Stepwise working/thought process
  • Relevant terms and examples
This can help secure marks even in otherwise incomplete answers.

12. What are the most important terms to define in Chapter 8 Recent Developments In Indian Politics?

Key terms often asked for definition in Chapter 8 include:

  • Coalition politics
  • Regionalism
  • Liberalisation
  • Mandal Commission
  • Electoral Reforms
Make sure you can define these precisely using syllabus-based language for high scoring answers.