NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 1 – The End of Bipolarity

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Political Science Chapter 1 The End of Bipolarity (2025-26)

1. Which among the following statements that describe the nature of Soviet economy is wrong?

• a. Socialism was the dominant ideology
• b. State ownership/control existed over the factors of production
• c. People enjoyed economic freedom
• d. Every aspect of the economy was planned and controlled by the State

Answer: c. People enjoyed economic freedom.

2. Arrange the following in chronological order:

• a. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
• b. Fall of the Berlin Wall
• c. Disintegration of the Soviet Union
• d. Russian Revolution

Answer: d. Russian Revolution (1917), a. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979), b. Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989), c. Disintegration of the Soviet Union (1991).

3. Which among the following is NOT an outcome of the disintegration of the USSR?

• a. End of the ideological war between US and USSR
• b. Birth of CIS
• c. Change in balance of power
• d. Crises in the Middle East

Answer: d. Crises in the Middle East.

4. Match the following.

5. Fill in the blanks:

• a. The Soviet political system was based on socialist ideology.
• b. Warsaw Pact was the military alliance started by the USSR.
• c. Communist Party dominated the USSR’s political system.
• d. Mikhail Gorbachev initiated the reforms in the USSR in 1985.
• e. The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolised the end of the Cold War.

6. Mention any three features that distinguish the Soviet economy from that of a capitalist country like the US.

• 1. State ownership of property, unlike private property in the US.
• 2. Centralised economic planning versus market-driven economy in the US.
• 3. Absence of economic freedom/personal choice, which is present in capitalism.

7. What were the factors that forced Gorbachev to initiate the reforms in the USSR?

• 1. Stagnation in the economy with shortage of essential goods.
• 2. Bureaucratic and unresponsive administration.
• 3. Widespread corruption and lack of transparency.
• 4. Discontent among various USSR republics.
• 5. Increasing pressure to reduce military spending and catch up technologically.

8. What were the major consequences of the disintegration of the Soviet Union for countries like India?

• 1. End of support from a traditional ally in strategic and military areas.
• 2. Shift towards unipolar world order and domination of the US.
• 3. India had to reorient its foreign policy and strengthen ties with many post-Soviet states and the West.

9. What was Shock Therapy? Was this the best way to make a transition from communism to capitalism?

Answer: Shock Therapy was the rapid process of shifting from a state-controlled, communist economy to a capitalist, market-based one, involving large-scale privatisation, foreign investment, and the end of price controls. It was not the best way as it led to economic collapse, increased poverty, and rise of inequality in many post-communist countries.

10. Essay: “With the disintegration of the second world, India should change its foreign policy and focus more on friendship with the US rather than with traditional friends like Russia.” (For or against)

Answer: (Sample points, students to elaborate as per need) For: The US became the sole superpower; strategic, economic, and technological advantages could help India’s growth. Against: Maintaining strong ties with Russia ensures multipolarity, balance, and leverages support for Indian interests. Both relations are crucial; non-alignment remains relevant.

Understanding the End of Bipolarity – Key Concepts and Exam Readiness

Grasping the causes and consequences of the End of Bipolarity is essential for Political Science. With updated NCERT solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 1 (2025-26), you can understand how the Cold War ended and why the Soviet Union disintegrated.

Practice answering questions about Soviet reforms, Shock Therapy, and India's foreign policy. These topics boost your understanding and scoring potential. Focus on timeline events, key leaders, and the impact on India's international relations for the best exam results.

Consistent revision of exercise questions sharpens your preparation. Use NCERT Class 12 Political Science resources to develop conceptual clarity and ensure high performance in CBSE board exams. Stay positive and thorough for success!