NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7: Globalisation

1. Multiple choice questions.

1. Which of the statements are TRUE about globalisation?

• (a) Globalisation is purely an economic phenomenon.
• (b) Globalisation began in 1991.
• (c) Globalisation is the same thing as westernisation.
• (d) Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.

Answer: (d) Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.

2. Which of the statements are TRUE about the impact of globalisation?

• (a) Globalisation has been uneven in its impact on states and societies.
• (b) Globalisation has had a uniform impact on all states and societies.
• (c) The impact of globalisation has been confined to the political sphere.
• (d) Globalisation inevitably results in cultural homogeneity.

Answer: (a) Globalisation has been uneven in its impact on states and societies.

3. Which of the statements are TRUE about the causes of globalisation?

• (a) Technology is an important cause of globalisation.
• (b) Globalisation is caused by a particular community of people.
• (c) Globalisation originated in the US.
• (d) Economic interdependence alone causes globalisation.

Answer: (a) Technology is an important cause of globalisation.

4. Which of the statements are TRUE about globalisation?

• (a) Globalisation is only about movement of commodities
• (b) Globalisation does not involve a conflict of values.
• (c) Services are an insignificant part of globalisation.
• (d) Globalisation is about worldwide interconnectedness.

Answer: (d) Globalisation is about worldwide interconnectedness.

5. Which of the statements are FALSE about globalisation?

• (a) Advocates of globalisation argue that it will result in greater economic growth.
• (b) Critics of globalisation argue that it will result in greater economic disparity.
• (c) Advocates of globalisation argue that it will result in cultural homogenisation.
• (d) Critics of globalisation argue that it will result in cultural homogenisation.

Answer: (c) Advocates of globalisation argue that it will result in cultural homogenisation.

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

6. What is worldwide interconnectedness? What are its components?

Answer: Worldwide interconnectedness refers to the increasing links and flows across nations, making the world come closer. Its components include the movement of ideas, capital, commodities, and people across borders, creating an integrated global network.

7. How has technology contributed to globalisation?

Answer: Technology has made globalisation possible by enabling faster and cheaper movement of ideas, goods, capital, and people. Innovations like the telegraph, telephone, internet, and microchip have revolutionised communication and increased worldwide interconnectedness.

3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.

8. Critically evaluate the impact of the changing role of the state in the developing countries in the light of globalisation.

Answer: Globalisation has affected the role of the state in developing countries in several ways. Traditionally, many states followed a welfare model, providing social services and protecting domestic industries. With globalisation, there has been a shift toward a minimalist state focusing mainly on law, order, and security, while market forces and multinational companies now play a larger role in economic and social sectors. This has reduced the state's capacity in some areas but also enabled it to use advanced technology to regulate and monitor society more effectively. While some argue that this shift enhances efficiency and economic growth, critics worry that it increases inequality and leaves vulnerable groups less protected, pressing the need for social safety nets and institutional safeguards.

9. What are the economic implications of globalisation? How has globalisation impacted on India with regard to this particular dimension?

Answer: Globalisation has increased economic flows and integration among countries through trade, investment, and technology transfer. Economic globalisation has reduced restrictions on goods and capital movement, allowing countries to benefit from comparative advantages. In India, globalisation since 1991 has led to economic reforms, deregulation, and increased foreign investment. While it has contributed to higher growth rates and expanded opportunities, it has also raised concerns about unequal gains, marginalisation of weaker sections, and pressure on local industries. India strives to balance integration with the global economy while ensuring inclusive growth and social welfare.

10. Do you agree with the argument that globalisation leads to cultural heterogeneity?

Answer: Yes, to some extent, globalisation leads to cultural heterogeneity. While it does pose the risk of cultural homogenisation by popularising dominant cultures (such as Western lifestyles), it also encourages the mixing and reinterpretation of cultural elements. Different societies integrate new influences into their traditions, creating unique, blended cultures. For example, Indian clothing styles now combine Western jeans with traditional kurtas, and local cuisines adapt global foods to regional tastes. Thus, globalisation can both challenge and enrich cultural diversity.

11. How has globalisation impacted on India and how is India in turn impacting on globalisation?

Answer: Globalisation has increased India's participation in the world economy, facilitated foreign investment, expanded service sectors such as IT and call centres, and introduced new technologies and ideas. At the same time, Indian businesses, culture, and talent are influencing global trends. Indian companies acquire firms abroad; Indian cuisine, films, and fashions gain popularity worldwide; and Indian professionals contribute to global industries. Thus, India both receives and shapes global flows, reflecting a dynamic two-way interaction.

Mastering Globalisation: Key Concepts and Insights

This chapter on Globalisation from the NCERT Class 12 Political Science (2025-26) syllabus covers political, economic, and cultural dimensions. Understanding worldwide interconnectedness is crucial for scoring higher in theory and application-based exam questions.

Focus on real-life examples and NCERT’s multi-dimensional approach to strengthen your concepts. Regular revision of exercise-based topics and analysing India’s response to globalisation will help you frame strong, well-rounded answers in exams.

Practice short and long answers from this chapter to boost your confidence. Understanding the impact and resistance to globalisation prepares you for critical thinking and effective presentation in the CBSE board exams.