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CBSE Class 11 Maths Chapter 14 Probability – Solutions 2025–26

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Free PDF download of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 14 Exercise 14.1 (Ex 14.1) and all chapter exercises at one place prepared by expert teacher as per NCERT (CBSE) books guidelines. Class 11 Maths Chapter 14 Probability Exercise 14.1 Questions with Solutions to help you to revise complete Syllabus and Score More marks. Register and get all exercise solutions in your emails.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 14 Probability Exercise 14.1

Exercise 14.1

1. A die is rolled. Let E be the event “die shows 4” and F be the event “die shows even number”. Are E and F mutually exclusive?

Ans: 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 are the possible outcomes when the die is thrown.

Therefore, S = {1,2,3,4,5,6} 

According to the question,

E is event die shows 4

\[E = \left( 4 \right)\]

F is die shows even number

\[F = \left( {2,4,6} \right)\]

\[E \cap F = \left( 4 \right) \cap \left( {2,4,6} \right)\]

\[E \cap F = 4\]

Therefore, we can conclude that E and F are not mutually exclusive event.


2. A die is thrown. Describe the following events:

(i) A: a number less than 7.

Ans: \[1,2,3,4,5\] and 6 are the possible outcomes when the die is thrown.

Therefore, \[S = \left( {1,2,3,4,5,6} \right)\]

According to the question,

A: a number less than 7

All the numbers in the die are less than 7,

\[A = \left( {1,2,3,4,5,6} \right)\]

(ii) B: a number greater than 7.

Ans: \[1,2,3,4,5\] and 6 are the possible outcomes when the die is thrown.

Therefore, \[S = \left( {1,2,3,4,5,6} \right)\]

According to the question,

B: a number greater than 7

There is no number on dice greater than 7.

\[B = \phi \]

(iii) C: a multiple of 3 

Ans: \[1,2,3,4,5\] and 6 are the possible outcomes when the die is thrown.

Therefore, \[S = \left( {1,2,3,4,5,6} \right)\]

According to the question,

C : a number multiple of 3

Multiple of 3 between 1 to 6 is 3 and 6

Therefore,

\[C = \left( {3,6} \right)\]

(iv) D: a number less than 4.

Ans: \[1,2,3,4,5\] and 6 are the possible outcomes when the die is thrown.

Therefore, \[S = \left( {1,2,3,4,5,6} \right)\]

According to the question,

D: a number less than 4

\[D = \left( {1,2,3} \right)\]

(v) E: an even number greater than 4.

Ans: \[1,2,3,4,5\] and 6 are the possible outcomes when the die is thrown.

Therefore, \[S = \left( {1,2,3,4,5,6} \right)\]

According to the question,

E: an even number greater than 4

There are only one number which is even greater than 4.

Therefore,

\[E = \left( 6 \right)\]

(vi) F: a number not less than 3.

Ans: Let us 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 are the possible outcomes when the die is thrown.

Therefore, \[S = \left( {1,2,3,4,5,6} \right)\]

According to the question,

F: a number not less than 3

\[F = \left( {3,4,5,6} \right)\]

Also find \[A \cup B,{\text{ }}A\; \cap B,{\text{ }}B \cup C,{\text{ }}E\; \cap {\text{ }}F,{\text{ }}D\; \cap {\text{ }}E,{\text{ }}D--E,{\text{ }}A--C,{\text{ }}E\; \cap {\text{ }}F',{\text{ }}F'\]

Ans: As we have to find, \[{\text{ }}A \cup B,{\text{ }}A\; \cap B,{\text{ }}B \cup C,{\text{ }}E\; \cap {\text{ }}F,{\text{ }}D\; \cap {\text{ }}E,{\text{ }}D--E,{\text{ }}A--C,{\text{ }}E\; \cap {\text{ }}F',{\text{ }}F'\]

Therefore,

\[A\; \cap B{\text{ }} = \;\left( {1,{\text{ }}2,{\text{ }}3,{\text{ }}4,{\text{ }}5,{\text{ }}6} \right)\; \cap \;\left( \phi  \right)\]

\[A\; \cap B = {\text{ }}\left( \phi  \right)\]

\[B \cup C{\text{ }} = \;\left( \phi  \right) \cup \;\left( {3,{\text{ }}6} \right)\]

\[B \cup C = \left( {3,6} \right)\]

\[E\; \cap F = \;\left( 6 \right)\; \cap \;\left( {3,4,5,6} \right)\]

\[E\; \cap F = \left( 6 \right)\]

\[D\; \cap {\text{ }}E{\text{ }} = \;\left( {1,2,3} \right)\; \cap \;\left( 6 \right)\]

\[D\; \cap {\text{ }}E = \left( \phi  \right)\]

\[D--E{\text{ }} = \;\left( {1,2,3} \right)--\left( 6 \right)\]

\[D--E = \;\left( {1,2,3} \right)\]

\[A--C = \left( {1,2,3,4,5,6} \right)--\;\;\left( {3,6} \right)\]

\[A--C = \left( {1,2,4,5} \right)\]

\[F' = S--F\]

\[F' = \left( {1,2,3,4,5,6} \right)--\left( {3,4,5,6} \right)\]

\[F' = \left( {1,2} \right)\]

\[E\; \cap F' = \;\left( 6 \right)\; \cap \;\left( {1,2} \right)\]

\[E\; \cap F' = \;\left( \phi  \right)\]


3. An experiment involves rolling a pair of dice and recording the numbers that come up. Describe the following events: 

A: the sum is greater than 8, 

B: 2 occurs on either die 

C: the sum is at least 7 and a multiple of 3. 

Which pairs of these events are mutually exclusive?

Ans: Let \[1,2,3,4,5\] and 6 are the possible outcomes when the die is thrown.

As in this question pair of die is thrown, so sample space will be,

$S =   (1,1) ,( 1,2),(1,3),( 1,4),(1,5),(1,6) \\$ 

      $ (2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6) \\$

      $ (3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6) \\$

      $ (4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6) \\$

      $ (5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6) \\$

      $ (6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) \\$

A: The sum is greater than 8

$A=   (3,6) ,( 4,5),(4,6),( 5,4),(5,5) \\$ 

       $(5,6) ,( 6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) \\$ 

B: 2 occur on the die

$B=   (2,1) ,( 2,2),(2,3),( 2,4),(2,5) \\$ 

       $(1,2) ,( 3,2),(4,2),(5,2),(6,2),(2,6) \\$ 

C: the sum is at least 7 and multiple of 3

\[C =  \left\{ {\left( {3,6} \right),\left( {4,5} \right),\left( {5,4} \right),\left( {6,3} \right),\left( {6,6,} \right)}   \right\}\]

Now, we can find pairs of the events which are mutually exclusive or not.

(i) \[A \cap \;B = \phi \]

As, there is no common element in A and B

Therefore, A and B are mutually exclusive

(ii) \[B\; \cap \;C = \;\phi \]

Since there is no common element between

Therefore, B and C are mutually exclusive.

(iii) \[A\; \cap \;C =  \left\{ {\left( {3,6} \right),{\text{ }}\left( {4,5} \right),{\text{ }}\left( {5,4} \right),{\text{ }}\left( {6,3} \right),{\text{ }}\left( {6,6} \right)}   \right\}\]

\[A\; \cap \;C\; \ne \phi \]

As, A and C have common elements.

Therefore A and C are not mutually exclusive.


4. Three coins are tossed once. Let A denote the event ‘three heads show”, B denote the event “two heads and one tail show”, C denote the event” three tails show'' and D denote the event''a head shows on the first coin”. Which events are

(i) Mutually exclusive? (ii) Simple? (iii) Compound?

Ans: As three coins are tossed once so the possible sample space will be,

\[S{\text{ }} =  \left\{ HHH,HHT,HTH,THH, HTT,THT,TTH,TTH   \right\}\]

According to question,

A: ‘three heads’

\[A = \left( {HHH} \right)\]

B: two heads and one tail

\[B = \left( {HHT,THH,HTH} \right)\]

C :three tails

\[C = \left( {TTT} \right)\]

D: a head shows on the first coin

\[D = \left( {HHH,HHT,HTH,HTT} \right)\]

(i) Mutually Exclusive

\[A\; \cap \;B = \left( {HHH} \right)\; \cap \;\left( {HHT,THH,HTH} \right)\]

\[A\; \cap \;B = \phi \]

Therefore, A and B are mutually exclusive.

\[A \cap \;C = \left( {HHH} \right)\; \cap \;\left( {TTT} \right)\]

\[A \cap \;C = \phi \]

Therefore, A and C are mutually exclusive.

\[A \cap D{\text{ }} = \left( {HHH} \right)\; \cap \;\left( {HHH,HHT,HTH,HTT} \right)\]

\[A \cap D = \left( {HHH} \right)\]

\[A \cap D{\text{ }} \ne \;\phi \]

Therefore, A and D are not mutually exclusive

\[B \cap C = \left( {HHT,HTH,THH} \right) \cap \left( {TTT} \right)\]

\[B \cap C = \phi \]

Therefore, B and C are mutually exclusive.

\[B \cap D = \left( {HHT,THH,HTH} \right) \cap \left( {HHH,HHT,HTH,\;HTT} \right)\]

\[B \cap D = \left( {HHT,HTH} \right)\]

\[B \cap D{\text{ }} \ne \;\phi \]

Therefore, B and D are not mutually exclusive.

\[C \cap D = \left( {TTT} \right)\; \cap \;\left( {HHH,HHT,HTH,\;HTT} \right)\]

\[C \cap D = \;\phi \]

Therefore, C and D are mutually exclusive.

(ii) Simple Event

If an event has only one outcome then it is called a simple event.

\[A = \left( {HHH} \right)\]

\[C{\text{ }} = {\text{ }}\left( {TTT} \right)\]

Both A and C have only one element,

Therefore, they are simple events.

(iii) Compound Events

If an event has more than one outcome then it is called a Compound event

\[B = \left( {HHT,HTH,THH} \right)\]

\[D = \left( {HHH,HHT,HTH,\;HTT} \right)\]

Both B and D have more than one element,

Therefore, they are compound events.


5. Three coins are tossed. Describe

(i) Two events which are mutually exclusive.

As three coins are tossed once so the possible sample space contains,

\[S =  \left\{ HHH,HHT,HTH,\;HTT,THH,THT,TTH,TTT  \right\}\]

Two events which are mutually exclusive.

Let A be the event of getting only head

\[A =  \left\{ HHH  \right\}\]

Let B be the event of getting only tail

\[B =  \left\{ TTT  \right\}\]

Therefor,

\[A \cap B = \;\phi \]

So, A and B are mutually exclusive.

(ii) Three events which are mutually exclusive and exhaustive.

As three coins are tossed once so the possible sample space contains,

\[S =  \left\{HHH,HHT,HTH,\;HTT,THH,THT,TTH,TTT  \right\}\]

Three events which are mutually exclusive and exhaustive

Now,

Let P be the event of getting exactly two tails

\[P =  \left\{ HTT,TTH,THT  \right\}\]

Let Q be the event of getting at least two heads

\[Q =  \left\{ HHT,HTH,THH,HHH  \right\}\]

Let R be the event of getting three tail

\[C =  \left\{ TTT  \right\}\]

\[P \cap Q \cap R =  \left\{ HTT,TTH,THT  \right\} \cap  \left\{ HHT,HTH,THH,HHH  \right\} \cap  \left\{ TTT  \right\}\]

\[P \cap Q \cap R = \;\phi \]

Therefore, P, Q and R are mutually exclusive.

And also,

\[P \cup Q \cup R =  \left\{ HTT,TTH,THT  \right\} \cup  \left\{ HHT,HTH,THH,HHH  \right\} \cup  \left\{ TTT  \right\}\]

\[P \cup Q \cup R =  \left\{ HHH,HHT,HTH,\;HTT,THH,THT,TTH,TTT  \right\}\]

\[P \cup Q \cup R = S\]

Hence P, Q and R are exhaustive events.

(iii) Two events, which are not mutually exclusive.

As three coins are tossed once so the possible sample space contains,

\[S =  \left\{ HHH,HHT,HTH,\;HTT,THH,THT,TTH,TTT  \right\}\]

Two events, which are not mutually exclusive

Let A be the event of getting at least two heads

\[A =  \left\{ HHH,HHT,THH,HTH  \right\}\]

LetB be the event of getting only head

\[B =  \left\{ HHH  \right\}\]

\[A \cap B =  \left\{ HHH,HHT,THH,HTH  \right\} \cap  \left\{ HHH  \right\}\]

\[A \cap B =  \left\{ HHH  \right\}\]

\[A\; \cap \;B{\text{ }} \ne \;\phi \]

Therefore, A and B are not mutually exclusive.

(iv) Two events which are mutually exclusive but not exhaustive.

As three coins are tossed once so the possible sample space contains,

\[S =  \left\{ HHH,HHT,HTH,\;HTT,THH,THT,TTH,TTT  \right\}\]

Two events which are mutually exclusive but not exhaustive

Let P be the event of getting only Head

\[P =  \left\{ HHH  \right\}\]

LetQ be the event of getting only tail

\[Q =  \left\{ TTT  \right\}\]

\[P \cap Q =  \left\{ HHH  \right\} \cap  \left\{ TTT  \right\}\]

\[P \cap Q = \phi \]

Therefore, P and Q are mutually exclusive events.

But,

\[P \cup Q =  \left\{ HHH  \right\} \cup  \left\{ TTT  \right\}\]

\[P \cup Q = \; \left\{ {HHH,TTT}   \right\}\]

\[P \cup Q \ne S\]

Therefore,P and Q are not exhaustive events.

(v) Three events which are mutually exclusive but not exhaustive.

As three coins are tossed once so the possible sample space contains,

\[S =  \left\{ HHH,HHT,HTH,\;HTT,THH,THT,TTH,TTT  \right\}\]

Three events which are mutually exclusive but not exhaustive

Let X be the event of getting only head

\[X =  \left\{ HHH  \right\}\]

Let Y be the event of getting only tail

\[Y =  \left\{ TTT  \right\}\]

Let Z be the event of getting exactly two heads

\[Z =  \left\{ HHT,THH,HTH  \right\}\]

Now,

\[X \cap Y \cap Z =  \left\{ HHH  \right\} \cap  \left\{ TTT  \right\} \cap  \left\{ HHT,THH,HTH  \right\}\]

\[X \cap Y \cap Z = \phi \]

Therefore, they are mutually exclusive

Also

\[X \cup Y \cup Z =  \left\{ HHH  \right\} \cup  \left\{ TTT  \right\} \cup  \left\{ HHT,THH,HTH  \right\}\]

\[X \cap Y \cap Z =  \left\{ HHH,TTT,HHT,THH,HTH\,  \right\}\]

\[X \cap Y \cap Z \ne S\]

So, X, Y and Z are not exhaustive.

Therefore, X, Y and X are mutually exclusive but not exhaustive.


6. Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows:

A: getting an even number on the first die.

B: getting an odd number on the first die.

C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice ≤ 5.

Describe the events: 

Ans: Let 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are the possible outcomes when the die is thrown.

In the question is given that pair of die is thrown, so sample space will be,

$S =   (1,1) ,( 1,2),(1,3),( 1,4),(1,5),(1,6) \\$ 

      $ (2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6) \\$

      $ (3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6) \\$

      $ (4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6) \\$

      $ (5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6) \\$

      $ (6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) \\$

A: Getting an even number on first die

$A =   (2,1) ,( 2,2),(2,3),( 2,4),(2,5),(2,6) \\$ 

      $ (4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6) \\$

       $ (6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) \\$

B: Getting odd number on first die

$B =   (1,1) ,( 1,2),(1,3),( 1,4),(1,5),(1,6) \\$ 

      $ (3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6) \\$

       $ (5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6) \\$

C: Getting the sum of the number on dice \[ \leqslant 5\]

$C =   (1,1) ,( 1,2),(1,3),( 1,4),(2,1)\\$ 

      $ (2,2),(2,3),(3,1),(3,2),(4,1) \\$

(i) \[A'\]

Ans: $A = (1,1) ,( 1,2),(1,3),( 1,4),(1,5),(1,6) \\$ 

      $ (3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6) \\$

       $ (5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6) \\$ 

(ii) not B

Ans: $B=(2,1) ,( 2,2),(2,3),( 2,4),(2,5),(2,6) \\$ 

      $ (4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6) \\$

       $ (6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) \\$

(iii) A or B

Ans: \[A{\text{ or }}B\left( {A \cup B} \right)\] =$ (1,1) ,( 1,2),(1,3),( 1,4),(1,5),(1,6) \\$ 

      $ (2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6) \\$

      $ (3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6) \\$

      $ (4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6) \\$

      $ (5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6) \\$

      $ (6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) \\$

(iv) A and B

Ans: \[A{\text{ and }}B\left( {A \cap B} \right) = \phi \]

(v) A but not C 

Ans: \[A{\text{ but not }}C\left( {A - C} \right)\] =$    (2,4),(2,5),(2,6),(4,2),(4,3),(4,2),(4,5) \\$

 $ (4,6),(6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) \\$

(vi) B or C

Ans: \[B{\text{ or }}C\left( {B \cup C} \right)\] =$ (1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,6) \\$

 $(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(3,1),(3,2),(3,3) \\$

 $(3,4),(3,5),(3,6),(4,1),(5,1),(5,2) \\$

 $(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6)\\$

(vii) B and C 

Ans: \[B{\text{ and }}C\left( {B \cap C} \right) =  \left\{ {\left( {1,1} \right),\left( {1,2} \right),\left( {1,3} \right),\left( {1,4} \right),\left( {3,1} \right),\left( {3,2} \right)}   \right\}\]

(viii) \[A \cap B' \cap C'\]

Ans: \[A \cap B' \cap C' = A \cap A \cap C'\]

\[A \cap A \cap C' = A \cap C'\]

\[A \cap C' =  \left\{  \left( {2,4} \right),\left( {2,5} \right),\left( {2,6} \right),\left( {4,2} \right),\left( {4,3} \right),\left( {4,4} \right),\left( {4,5} \right)\\   \left( {4,6} \right),\left( {6,1} \right),\left( {6,2} \right),\left( {6,3} \right),\left( {6,4} \right),\left( {6,5} \right),\left( {6,6} \right)     \right\}\]


7. Refer to question 6 above, state true or false: (give reason for your answer)

Ans: Let 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are the possible outcomes when the die is thrown.

In the question is given that pair of die is thrown, so sample space will be,

$S =   (1,1) ,( 1,2),(1,3),( 1,4),(1,5),(1,6) \\$ 

      $ (2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6) \\$

      $ (3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6) \\$

      $ (4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6) \\$

      $ (5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6) \\$

      $ (6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) \\$

A: Getting an even number on first die

$A=(2,1) ,( 2,2),(2,3),( 2,4),(2,5),(2,6) \\$ 

      $ (4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6) \\$

      $ (6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) \\$

B: Getting odd number on first die

$B=(1,1) ,( 1,2),(1,3),( 1,4),(1,5),(1,6) \\$ 

      $ (3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6) \\$

       $ (5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6) \\$ 

C: Getting the sum of the number on dice \[ \leqslant 5\]

$C =   (1,1) ,( 1,2),(1,3),( 1,4),(2,1)\\$ 

      $ (2,2),(2,3),(3,1),(3,2),(4,1) \\$

(i) A and B are mutually exclusive

Ans: \[\left( {A \cap B} \right) = \phi \]

Therefore, A & B are mutually exclusive.

(ii) A and B are mutually exclusive and exhaustive

Ans: \[\left( {A \cap B} \right) = \phi \]

Therefore, A & B are mutually exclusive.

\[A \cup B \]= $(1,1)(1,2)(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,6)\\$

    $ (2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6) \\$

      $ (3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6) \\$

      $ (4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6) \\$

      $ (5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6) \\$

      $ (6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) \\$

\[A \cup B = S\]

Therefore, A and B are exhaustive also.

(iii) \[A = B'\]

Ans: $A = (2,1) ,( 2,2),(2,3),( 2,4),(2,5),(2,6) \\$ 

      $ (4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6) \\$

      $ (6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) \\$

$B'=(2,1) ,( 2,2),(2,3),( 2,4),(2,5),(2,6) \\$ 

      $ (4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6) \\$

      $ (6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) \\$

Therefore, \[A = B'\]

(iv) A and C are mutually exclusive

Ans: As we have,

\[A \cap C =  \left\{ {\left( {2,1} \right),\left( {2,2} \right),\left( {2,3} \right),\left( {4,1} \right)}   \right\}\]

\[A \cap C \ne \phi \]

Therefore, A and C are not mutually exclusive

(v) A and \[B'\] are mutually exclusive.

Ans: As we have,

\[A \cap B'\; = A \cap A = A\]

\[\therefore A \cap B' \ne \phi \]

Therefore, A and \[B'\] are not mutually exclusive.

(vi) \[A',B',C\]are mutually exclusive and exhaustive.

Ans: $A'=(1,1) ,( 1,2),(1,3),( 1,4),(1,5),(1,6) \\$ 

      $ (3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6) \\$

       $ (5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6) \\$ 

$B'=(2,1) ,( 2,2),(2,3),( 2,4),(2,5),(2,6) \\$ 

      $ (4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6) \\$

      $ (6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) \\$

$C=(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(2,1)\\$

$(2,2),(2,3),(3,1),(3,2),(4,1)\\$

\[A' \cap B' = \phi \]

But, \[B' \cap C =  \left\{ {\left( {2,1} \right),\left( {2,2} \right),\left( {2,3} \right)}   \right\}\]

\[B' \cap C \ne \phi \]

\[A'{\text{ and }}B'\] are mutually exclusive.

\[B'{\text{ and }}C\] are not mutually exclusive.

Therefore, \[A',B',C\] are not mutually exclusive.

\[A' \cup B' \cup C\] =  $(1,1)(1,2)(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,6)\\$

    $ (2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6) \\$

      $ (3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6) \\$

      $ (4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6) \\$

      $ (5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6) \\$

      $ (6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) \\$

\[A' \cup B' \cup C = S\]

Therefore, \[A',B',C\] are exhaustive.


NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 14 Probability Exercise 14.1

Opting for the NCERT solutions for Ex 14.1 Class 11 Maths is considered as the best option for the CBSE students when it comes to exam preparation. This chapter consists of many exercises. Out of which we have provided the Exercise 14.1 Class 11 Maths NCERT solutions on this page in PDF format. You can download this solution as per your convenience or you can study it directly from our website/ app online.


Vedantu in-house subject matter experts have solved the problems/ questions from the exercise with the utmost care and by following all the guidelines by CBSE. Class 11 students who are thorough with all the concepts from the Maths textbook and quite well-versed with all the problems from the exercises given in it, then any student can easily score the highest possible marks in the final exam. With the help of this Class 11 Maths Chapter 14 Exercise 14.1 solutions, students can easily understand the pattern of questions that can be asked in the exam from this chapter and also learn the marks weightage of the chapter. So that they can prepare themselves accordingly for the final exam.


Besides these NCERT solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 14 Exercise 14.1, there are plenty of exercises in this chapter which contain innumerable questions as well. All these questions are solved/answered by our in-house subject experts as mentioned earlier. Hence all of these are bound to be of superior quality and anyone can refer to these during the time of exam preparation. In order to score the best possible marks in the class, it is really important to understand all the concepts of the textbooks and solve the problems from the exercises given next to it. 


Do not delay any more. Download the NCERT solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 14 Exercise 14.1 from Vedantu website now for better exam preparation. If you have the Vedantu app in your phone, you can download the same through the app as well. The best part of these solutions is these can be accessed both online and offline as well. 


NCERT Solution Class 11 Maths of Chapter 14 All Exercises

Chapter 14 - Probability Exercises in PDF Format

Exercise 14.2

7 Questions & Solutions

Miscellaneous Exercise

10 Questions & Solutions


Important Study Material Links for Chapter 14: Probability


NCERT Class 11 Maths Solutions Chapter-wise Links - Download the FREE PDF


Important Related Links for CBSE Class 11 Maths

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FAQs on CBSE Class 11 Maths Chapter 14 Probability – Solutions 2025–26

1. What is the step-by-step method recommended by the NCERT Solutions for solving Probability questions in Class 11 Maths Chapter 14?

The NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Maths Chapter 14 recommend solving Probability questions using these steps:

  • Clearly define the sample space for the experiment.
  • Represent all events precisely using set notation.
  • List or identify all outcomes for each event.
  • Apply the CBSE-recommended Probability formulas as per the question.
  • Justify every logic step, such as checking if events are mutually exclusive or exhaustive, and highlight this using set operations (∩, ∪, ∅).
  • Present the final answer with all relevant explanations as required by the marking scheme.

2. How can you determine if two events are mutually exclusive using NCERT Solutions strategies in Probability?

To check if two events are mutually exclusive, follow these steps as illustrated in the NCERT Solutions:

  • Define both events using set notation.
  • Find their intersection (A ∩ B).
  • If A ∩ B = ∅ (empty set), the events cannot occur together and are mutually exclusive.
  • If the intersection is not empty, the events are not mutually exclusive.

3. Why is set notation emphasized in Class 11 NCERT Probability Solutions, and how does it help in board exams?

Set notation is emphasized because it helps in structurally representing outcomes and relationships between events. Using sets clarifies which outcomes belong to which events and allows students to:

  • Show clear mathematical reasoning.
  • Avoid confusion when dealing with complex experiments.
  • Demonstrate understanding as required by the CBSE 2025–26 marking scheme.
  • Score higher by meeting the NCERT presentation standards for Probability answers.

4. What is the correct way to represent exhaustive events in Class 11 Probability as per NCERT Solutions?

Exhaustive events together include all possible outcomes of an experiment. In NCERT Solutions, this is represented as the union of events equal to the sample space (A ∪ B ∪ ... = S). This tells examiners that no possibilities are omitted, which is essential for full marks.

5. How do NCERT Solutions guide the breakdown of complex Probability problems, like those involving dice, into manageable steps?

The solution approach involves:

  • Listing all possible outcomes of the experiment (such as pairs for two dice).
  • Defining each event in clear set form, based on the condition (e.g., "sum is greater than 8").
  • Marking the relevant outcomes for each event distinctly.
  • Applying set operations to answer questions about their relationship (mutually exclusive, exhaustive, etc.).
This systematic approach matches the CBSE exam pattern for 2025–26 and ensures logical clarity in answers.

6. What common errors should be avoided when solving step-wise Probability questions in NCERT Solutions?

Common errors to avoid include:

  • Not defining the sample space clearly.
  • Omitting the use of set notation.
  • Neglecting the verification of whether events are mutually exclusive or exhaustive.
  • Skipping essential justification steps required by CBSE examiners.
  • Mixing up simple and compound events without proper explanation.
Following the step-wise NCERT method helps avoid these mistakes and improve scoring.

7. What is the key difference between simple and compound events, and how are these identified in NCERT Class 11 Probability Solutions?

A simple event consists of exactly one possible outcome (e.g., tossing three coins and getting HHH). A compound event includes more than one possible outcome (e.g., getting two heads and one tail). NCERT Solutions require clear identification and listing of all possible outcomes for each type.

8. How can practicing detailed NCERT Solutions for Probability enhance exam performance in Class 11 Maths?

Practicing with detailed NCERT Solutions helps students:

  • Develop strong problem-solving and logical reasoning skills.
  • Familiarize themselves with CBSE answer patterns and required justification.
  • Reduce common mistakes and gain confidence.
  • Acquire a deep understanding of different Probability concepts, improving their ability to tackle both direct and higher-order questions in the actual exam.

9. How do you describe and distinguish between mutually exclusive and exhaustive events in Probability, as per CBSE guidelines?

Mutually exclusive events are those that cannot happen at the same time; their intersection is the empty set. Exhaustive events are those whose union covers the entire sample space. In answers, always explicitly state the intersection or union using set notation, as outlined in NCERT Solutions, to match CBSE assessment standards.

10. What are the best practices for writing CBSE-aligned stepwise solutions for Probability questions in Class 11 Maths?

Recommended practices include:

  • Stating the sample space and all relevant sets at the start.
  • Defining each event clearly using set notation.
  • Carrying out all logical steps, including intersections, unions, complements, and explaining them concisely.
  • Highlighting key properties, such as mutually exclusive or exhaustive, and justifying each answer as per CBSE 2025–26 guidelines.
  • Boxing or underlining final answers for clarity, wherever permitted.