Computer Science Chapter 3 Emerging Trends – NCERT Solutions for CBSE

Exercise: NCERT Solutions Computer Science Chapter 3 Emerging Trends (2025-26)

1. List some of the cloud-based services that you are using at present.

Answer: Cloud-based services used presently include storing photographs and documents on Google Drive or OneDrive, backing up files online, website hosting, online coding platforms (PaaS), and accessing software such as Microsoft Office 365 or Google Docs as Software as a Service (SaaS).

2. What do you understand by the Internet of Things? List some of its potential applications.

Answer: The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices with embedded hardware and software that connect and exchange data with each other. Potential applications include home automation (CCTVs, smart appliances), smart agriculture, healthcare monitoring, traffic management, and smart city infrastructure.

3. Write short notes on the following:
a) Cloud Computing
b) Big data and its Characteristics

Answer:
a) Cloud Computing: It is an emerging IT trend where computer-based services (software, hardware, databases, storage) are delivered via the Internet and are accessible from any device. Services are provided by cloud service providers on a pay-per-use basis.

b) Big data and its Characteristics: Big data refers to enormous, complex data sets that cannot be managed with traditional tools. Its five characteristics are:

• Volume: Large size of data.
• Velocity: Data generated quickly.
• Variety: Different types and formats.
• Veracity: Uncertainty or inconsistency in data.
• Value: Potential useful insights.

4. Explain the following along with their applications.
a) Artificial Intelligence
b) Machine Learning

Answer:
a) Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI tries to simulate human intelligence in machines, enabling them to learn, decide, and solve problems like humans. Applications include digital assistants (Siri, Alexa), facial recognition, navigation apps, and robotics.

b) Machine Learning: A subset of AI, machine learning lets computers learn from data using algorithms, enabling prediction without explicit programming. Applications are spam detection, language translation, and product recommendations.

5. Differentiate between cloud computing and grid computing with suitable examples.

Answer:

• Cloud Computing: Uses client-server architecture; offers on-demand services managed centrally by providers (e.g., AWS, Google Cloud). Users pay as per use, resources are scalable and flexible.
• Grid Computing: Uses distributed architecture; multiple computing nodes join to solve a common task (scientific research). No service charge after initial setup. Resources are not managed centrally.

6. Justify the following statement:
“Storage of data is cost-effective and time saving in cloud computing.”

Answer: Cloud computing allows users to store data virtually, paying only for what they use. It saves time since there is no need to maintain hardware, upgrades, or backups locally—data can be accessed quickly over the Internet, making storage cost-effective and efficient.

7. What is on-demand service? How it is provided in cloud computing?

Answer: On-demand service allows users to access resources only when needed. In cloud computing, this is provided by service providers offering hardware, software, and storage as services over the Internet with flexible usage and payment models.

8. Write examples of the following:
a) Government provided cloud computing platform
b) Large scale private cloud service providers and the services they provide

Answer:
a) Government cloud platform: “GI Cloud” named ‘MeghRaj’ (https://cloud.gov.in).
b) Large scale private providers: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform—they offer computing power, storage, database, and AI services internationally.

9. A company interested in cloud computing is looking for a provider who offers a set of basic services, such as virtual server provisioning and on demand storage that can be combined into a platform for deploying and running customised applications. What type of cloud computing model fits these requirements?

• a) Platform as a Service
• b) Software as a Service
• c) Application as a Service
• d) Infrastructure as a Service

Answer: d) Infrastructure as a Service

10. If the government plans to make a smart school by applying IoT concepts, how can each of the following be implemented in order to transform a school into IoT-enabled smart school?

• e-textbooks
• Smart boards
• Online Tests
• Wifi sensors on classrooms doors
• Sensors in buses to monitor their location
• Wearables (watches or smart belts) for attendance monitoring.

Answer:

• e-textbooks: Accessible online for students via devices and platforms.
• Smart boards: Interactive teaching tools, network-connected for displaying content.
• Online Tests: Remote assessment using computers or smart devices.
• Wifi sensors on doors: Automate attendance when students enter classrooms.
• Sensors in buses: Enable real-time tracking of bus locations.
• Wearables: Monitor attendance and student movements accurately.

11. Five friends plan to try a startup. However, they have a limited budget and limited computer infrastructure. How can they avail the benefits of cloud services to launch their startup?

Answer: They can use cloud computing services from government or private providers, paying only for what they use. This saves upfront costs for hardware and software, and lets them scale resources as needed for their startup operations.

12. Governments provide various scholarships to students of different classes. Prepare a report on how blockchain technology can be used to promote accountability, transparency and efficiency in distribution of scholarships?

Answer: Blockchain records every scholarship transaction transparently and securely in an open ledger shared by all stakeholders. This prevents data tampering, ensures only eligible students receive funds, and speeds up processes, ensuring accountability, transparency, and efficiency in distributing scholarships.

13. How are IoT and WoT related?

Answer: IoT connects devices for data exchange via the Internet, usually requiring separate apps for each device. WoT (Web of Things) integrates all these devices through web services into a single interface, making smart environments (homes, offices, cities) more efficient.

14. Match the columns:

Answer:

NCERT Solutions Computer Science Chapter 3 Emerging Trends (2025-26): Explained

Explore Emerging Trends in Computer Science with this chapter from the NCERT Solutions 2025-26. Understanding Artificial Intelligence, Cloud Computing, IoT, and Blockchain will help you strengthen your knowledge and gain confidence for your computer science exams.

Mastering Big Data characteristics and the role of data analytics is vital for scoring high. By focusing on real-life examples provided in this chapter, students can connect core concepts to modern applications, making learning both fun and practical.

Regular revision of exercise-based solutions from NCERT boosts clarity and examination speed. Practice all questions and revisit summary points frequently for the best results in your 2025-26 Computer Science board exams.