NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Sectors of the Indian Economy - FREE PDF Download
The Sectors of Indian Economy Class 10 Economics NCERT Solutions, Explores the three pillars – primary (agriculture), secondary (manufacturing), and tertiary (services) – that contribute to national development. Focus on the changing landscape of the economy, understand disguised unemployment, and discover the importance of the informal sector. This chapter equips you to be an informed citizen who appreciates the multifaceted nature of India's economic growth.
Table of Content
The answers provided by Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 are clear and exact solutions to all questions. These solutions help understand complex subjects and study effectively for tests. Check out the revised Class 10 social science syllabus and start with Vedantu for your academic excellence.
Glance on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of the Indian Economy
Economics Class 10 Chapter 2 Question Answer, learn about the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors – the building blocks of India's economy. Explore the distinct activities and roles of each sector in production and growth.
Uncover how the relative importance of each sector (agriculture, industry, services) has changed over time in the Indian economy in Economics Class 10 Chapter 2 Question Answer.
Learn about the concept of disguised unemployment, a unique challenge faced in some sectors, particularly the primary sector.
Gain insights into the significant role of the informal sector, which often operates outside regulations, in the Indian economy.
NCERT Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 questions and answers PDF offer clear, precise answers to textbook questions, aiding in comprehension and exam preparation.
Exercise solutions
1. Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket:
i. Employment in the service sector ______ increased to the same extent as production. (has/has not)
ii. Workers in the _____ sector do not produce goods. (tertiary/agriculture)
iii. Most of the workers in the _____ sector enjoy job security. (organised/unorganised)
iv. A _____ proportion of labourers in India are working in the unorganised sector. (large/small).
v. Cotton is a _____ product and cloth is a _______ product. (natural/manufactured)
vi. The activities in primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors are ______. (independent/interdependent)
Ans:
i. Has not
ii. Tertiary
iii. Organised
iv. Large
v. Natural
v. Interdependent
2. Choose the most appropriate answer.
a. The sectors are classified into public and private sectors on the basis of:
i. Employment conditions
ii. The nature of economic activity
iii. Ownership of enterprises
iv. Number of workers employed in the enterprise
Ans: Option iii) ownership of enterprise
b. Production of a commodity, mostly through the natural process, is an activity in _____ sector.
i. Primary
ii. Secondary
iii. Tertiary
iv. Informative technology
Ans: Option i) Primary
c. GDP is the total value of ______ produced during a particular year.
i. All goods and services
ii. All final goods and services
iii. All intermediate goods and services
iv. All intermediate and final goods and services
Ans: Option ii) All final goods and services
d. In terms of GDP, the share of the tertiary sector in 2003 is _____
i. Between 20 per cent and 30 per cent
ii. Between 30 per cent and 40 per cent
iii. Between 50 per cent and 60 per cent
iv. 70 percent
Ans: Option iii) between 50 per cent and 60 per cent
3. Match the following:
S/No. | Problems faced by farming sector | S/No. | Some possible measures |
1. | Unirrigated land | a. | Setting up agro-based mills |
2. | Low prices for crops | b. | Cooperative marketing societies |
3. | Debt burden | c. | Procurement of food grains by government |
4. | No job in the off-season | d. | Construction of canals by the government |
5. | Compelled to sell their grains to the local traders soon after harvest | e. | Banks to provide credit with low interest |
Ans:
S/No. | Problems faced by farming sector | S/No. | Some possible measures |
1. | Unirrigated land | d. | Construction of canals by the government. |
2. | Low prices for crops | c. | Procurement of food grains by the government. |
3. | Debt burden | e. | Banks provide credit with low interest. |
4. | No job in the off season | a. | Setting up agro-based mills |
5. | Compelled to sell their grains to the local traders soon after harvest | b. | Cooperative marketing societies. |
4. Find the odd one out and say why.
i. Tourist guide, dhobi, tailor, potter
ii. Teacher, doctor, vegetable, vendor, lawyer
iii. Postman, cobbler, soldier, police constable
iv. MTNL, Indian Railways, Air India, SAHARA Airlines, All India Radio
Ans:
i. Tourist guide, appointed by the government.
ii. Vegetable vendor, since it does not require a formal education.
iii. Cobbler - workers in the public sector, his profession belongs to the private sector.
iv. SAHARA Airlines is a private enterprise, others are government undertakings.
5. A research scholar looked at the working people in the city of Surat and found the following.
Place of work | Nature of employment | Percentage of working people |
In offices and factories registered with the government | Organised | 15 |
Own shops, offices, clinics in the marketplace with formal licence | --- | 15 |
People working on the street, construction workers, domestic workers | --- | 20 |
Working in small workshops usually not registered with the government | --- | --- |
Complete the table. What is the percentage of workers in the unorganised sector in this city?
Ans:
Place of Work | Nature of Employment | Percentage of Working People |
In offices and factories registered with the government | Organised | 15 |
Own shops, offices, clinics in the marketplace with formal licence | Organised | 15 |
People working on the street, construction workers, domestic workers | Unorganised | 20 |
Working in small workshops usually not registered with the government | Unorganised | --- |
The worker percentage of the unorganised sector in the city is 70%.
6. Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary, and tertiary is useful? Explain how.
Ans: Yes, classification of economic activities into primary, tertiary, and secondary is very much useful since it can give information on how and where the people of a country are employed.
It also helps in ascertaining, which sector of economic activity is contributing more or less in the GDP of the country and per capita income.
For example: Suppose if the tertiary sector is developing much faster compared to the primary sector, it means agriculture is depleting. We can observe that the agriculture profession is getting unpopular or regressive, if we classify economic activities for smooth administration as well as development.
7. For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter, why should one focus on employment and GDP? Could there be other issues which should be examined? Discuss.
Ans: Each sector should focus on employment and GDP since these determine the size of a country’s economy. Focus on employment and GDP will definitely help in determining two important things, that is, per capita income and productivity.
So, in each sector, employment rate, status, and its contribution towards the GDP, which helps to understand how a particular sector is functioning and what can be done to initiate future growth.
Other related issues which need to be examined are as follows:
Balanced regional development
Equality in income and wealth among all the citizens of the country.
Modernization of technology.
How to eradicate poverty
Self-reliance of the country
To have surplus food production in India.
8. Make a long list of all kinds of work that you find adults around you doing for a living. In what way can you classify them? Explain your choice.
Ans:
S/No. | Nature of work | Nature of activity | Sector |
| 1 | Bank Clerk | Tertiary | Organised |
| 2 | Freelancer cartoonist | Tertiary | Unorganised |
| 3 | Construction worker | Secondary | Unorganised |
| 4 | Doctor in AIIMS | Tertiary | Organised |
| 5 | DTC bus driver | Tertiary | Organised |
| 6 | Farmer | Primary | Unorganised |
| 7 | Guest house receptionist | Tertiary | Unorganised |
| 8 | Tailoring shop | Tertiary | Unorganised |
| 9 | Public sector factory supervisor | Secondary | Organised |
We have classified them according to the nature of the activity and whether they are working in an organised or unorganised sector. This gives us information on how and where people are employed.
9. How is the tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.
Ans: The tertiary sector is different from the other 2 sectors because the other two sectors produce goods, the only difference is that this sector does not manufacture goods by themselves. The activities under this sector help in developing the primary and secondary sectors. These activities support the manufacturing process.
Example: communication, banking, storage, insurance, transport, trade etc. Hence, these are called the service sector.
10. What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.
Ans: Disguised unemployment is when the people who are visibly employed but they are actually unemployed. This kind of situation is called Hidden Unemployment.
For example:
In rural areas, this kind of employment is found in the agriculture sector, suppose in a family of 9 people everyone is engaged and doing work in the same agricultural area. If 4 people are removed from it, there will be no reduction in the result. Hence, these 4 people are actually disguisedly employed.
In urban areas, this kind of unemployment can be seen in service sectors, for example, in a family where all the members are working in a small business which can be managed by a less number of people.
11. Distinguished between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.
Ans:
Open Unemployment | Disguised Unemployment |
If a country’s labour does not get an opportunity for adequate employment, this situation is called open unemployment. | In Disguised unemployment, people who are visibly employed but actually don’t have full employment. |
This type of unemployment is found in the industrial sector of our country. This is also among the landless agricultural labourers in rural areas. | It is generally found in the unorganised sector where work is not continuously available or many labourers are employed for the same amount of work. |
12. “Tertiary sector is not planning any significant role in the development of Indian economy”. Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Ans: No, I don’t agree with this statement. The tertiary sector has contributed immensely in the last two decades in the Indian economy. The information technology field has grown, and the GDP share of the tertiary sector has grown from 40% in 1973 to 50% in 2003.
13. Service sector in India employs two different kinds of people. Who are these?
Ans: The service sector in India employs:
The people who are there in this service may directly help in the production of goods. For example, people in transportation, storage, communication, finance etc.
The people involved in these services are not directly helping in the production of goods. For example, teachers, doctors, barbers, cobblers, lawyers, etc. They are called ancillary workers which means that those who are giving their services to the primary sector providers.
14. Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Ans: Yes, I agree workers are exploited in the unorganised sector:
Having no fixed number of working hours. The workers work 10-12 hours without paid overtime.
They do not get extra allowances apart from the daily wages.
Government rules and regulations for the protection of labourers are not followed.
No job security.
Jobs are low paid and the workers in this sector are illiterate, ignorant, and unorganised.
15. How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?
Ans: On the basis of employment conditions, the activities in the economy are classified into organised and unorganised sectors.
Organised Sector: This sector covers those enterprises that are registered by the government and have to follow rules and regulations. Example: Reliance, GAIL etc.
Unorganised Sector: It consists of small and scattered units which are not in control of the government. They do not follow any rules and regulations made by the government. Example: Casual workers in construction, shops etc. There is no job security.
16. Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors.
Ans: Employment conditions in the organised and unorganised sectors are quite different.
The organised sector consists of companies registered under government, so it offers job security, paid holidays, pension, health and other benefits, fixed working hours and extra pay for overtime work.
Unorganised sector is a host of opportunities, there is no job security as well.
No paid holidays or pensions or retirement, no benefits of provident fund or health insurance, no fixed work timings and no guarantee of a hygienic work environment.
17. Explain the objectives of implementing the NREGA 2005.
Ans: The objectives of implementing NREGA 2005 are listed below:
a. To increase income and employment of people.
b. Every state will be able to develop tourism, regional craft, IT etc.
c. Central government made a law to implement, right to work in 200 districts.
d. NREGA aims to provide 100 days of employment.
18. Using examples from your area, compare and contrast the activities and functions of the private and public sectors.
Ans:
Public Sector:
Public welfare is the main objective.
It is managed as well as controlled by the government.
It provides education, health, food, and security to the people like Indian railways, Post office, etc.
Private Sector:
Maximum profit in terms of earning is the main objective.
It is managed and controlled by an individual or group of individuals.
It provides consumer goods to the people; Reliance, TISCO.
19. Discuss and fill the following table giving one example each from your area.
Well-Managed Organisation | Badly-Managed Organisation | |
Public sector | ||
Private sector |
Ans:
Well-Managed Organisation | Badly-Managed Organisation | |
Public sector | Delhi Metro Rail Corporation | Air India |
Private sector | Reliance Jio Telecom | Satyam |
20. Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.
Ans:
Public sector activities, that is, provision of water, electricity, and modes of transport. The government has taken up this because water and power are needed by everyone.
If we leave the work of providing electricity and water to the private companies, then the latter may exploit this opportunity.
They may sell these at higher rates which the masses cannot afford.
To make sure that all the basic amenities such as water and electricity are available for all, the government supplies all these at low and affordable rates.
21. Explain how the public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation.
Ans: Public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation:
It promotes rapid economic development by creating and expanding the infrastructure.
It creates employment opportunities.
It generates financial resources for development.
It ensures equal income and wealth, hence a balanced regional development.
It encourages the development of small, medium, and large industries.
It ensures easy availability of goods at affordable rates.
22. The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues: wages, safety, and health. Explain with examples.
Ans: Workers in the unorganised sector require protection in terms of wages. Labourers who are employed as vendors or repair men etc. do not have fixed income. They hardly get employed throughout the year.
Safety: Workers in the unorganised sector are not provided with safe drinking water or a clean environment. Example: Working in mining, chemical industries is hazardous.
Health: Leave is not granted if there is a health issue. Medical aid is not available, e.g., Construction workers.
23. A study in Ahmedabad found that out of 15,00,000 workers in the city, 11,00,000 worked in the unorganised sector. The total income of the city in this year (1997-1998) was Rs 60,000 million. Out of this 32,000 million was generated in the organised sector. Present this data as a table. What kind of ways should be thought of for generating more employment in the city?
Ans:
Organised Sector | Unorganised Sector | Total | |
Number of workers | 4,00,000 | 11,00,000 | 15,00,000 |
Income (Rs) | 32,000 million | 28,000 million | 60,000 million |
The larger portion of workers is working in the unorganised sector, the per capita earning of those in organised sector is more.
The government should encourage the businessmen in the unorganised sector to change them into the organised sector.
Government needs to bring some incentives so that more industries will be started in the organised sector.
24. The following tables gives the GDP in Rupees (Crores) by the three sectors:
Year | Primary | Secondary | Tertiary |
1950 | 80,000 | 19,000 | 39,000 |
2000 | 3,14,000 | 2,80,000 | 5,55,000 |
i. Calculate the share of the three sectors in GDP for 1950 and 2000.
ii. Show the data as a bar diagram similar to Graph 2 in the chapter.
iii. What conclusions can we draw from the bar graph?
Ans:
i. In 1950,
Total share of sectors in GDP = (8000+19000+39000) = 138,000 crore
Share of Primary sector = $\dfrac{80000}{138000}\times 100$ = 57.97%
Share of Secondary sector = $\dfrac{19000}{138000}\times 100$ =13.76%
Share of Tertiary sector = $\dfrac{99000}{138000}\times 100$ =28.26%
In 2000,
Total share of sectors in GDP = (314000+280000+555000) = 1149000
Share of Primary sector = $\dfrac{314000}{1149000}\times 100$ = 27.32%
Share of Secondary sector = $\dfrac{280000}{1149000}\times 100$ = 24.36%
Share of Tertiary sector = $\dfrac{555000}{1149000}\times 100$ = 48.30%
ii. Bar graph
Bar Graph
iii. The conclusion drawn is that the share of the tertiary sector in the GDP has approximately doubled, the primary sector has halved. The secondary sector has increased by 10% in the last 5 years.
Topics Covered in Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of the Indian Economy
Benefits of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of the Indian Economy
Sectors of The Indian Economy Class 10 PDF NCERT Solutions cover all the important topics and subtopics of the chapter, providing students with a comprehensive understanding and facilitating effective revision.
Sectors of The Indian Economy Class 10 PDF NCERT Solutions can offer detailed explanations of concepts you might find challenging in the textbook, solidifying your grasp of the material.
Economics Class 10 Chapter 2 Question Answers are aligned with the updated CBSE guidelines for Class 10, ensuring students are well-prepared for exams.
Clear explanations of complex socialist ideas and principles help in grasping the core concepts in Sectors Of The Indian Economy Class 10 NCERT Solutions.
In Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 questions and Answers PDF provides accurate answers to textbook questions and assists in effective exam preparation and better performance.
Sectors of The Indian Economy Class 10 NCERT Solutions enhance critical thinking skills by analysing the significance of Sectors Of The Indian Economy in shaping modern Economics.
Students can also check and refer to Class 10 Sectors of the Indian Economy Revision Notes and Sectors of the Indian Economy Important Questions available on the official website, to practise and learn effectively.
Conclusion
In Economics Chapter 2 Class 10, Sectors of the Indian Economy, we explored India's economic activities categorised into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. These sectors play crucial roles in employment, income generation, and overall economic development. Understanding their dynamics helps us grasp the complexities of India's economy and the challenges each sector faces. This knowledge equips us to appreciate the importance of balanced sectoral growth and the need for policies that foster inclusive development and economic progress.
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FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of The Indian Economy
1. How do the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 help in preparing for the board exams?
The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 provide clear, step-by-step answers to all textbook exercises, which is crucial for exam preparation. By following these solutions, you can:
- Understand the correct methodology for answering different types of questions, from MCQs to long-answer questions.
- Grasp key concepts like GDP calculation, disguised unemployment, and the roles of different sectors.
- Ensure your answers are aligned with the CBSE 2025-26 syllabus and marking scheme, helping you score higher marks.
2. What is the step-by-step comparison between the organised and unorganised sectors as given in the NCERT Solutions for Chapter 2?
The NCERT Solutions for Chapter 2 provide a clear distinction between the two sectors based on employment conditions. The key points are:
- Organised Sector: This sector includes enterprises registered with the government. It offers job security, fixed working hours, paid leave, pensions, and health benefits.
- Unorganised Sector: This sector consists of small, scattered units outside government control. It is characterised by a lack of job security, irregular work, no paid holidays or benefits, and low wages.
3. Why do the NCERT Solutions emphasise using only the value of 'final goods and services' for calculating GDP?
The NCERT Solutions clarify this to avoid the problem of double counting. The value of final goods already includes the value of all the intermediate goods that were used in their production. For example, the price of a car (a final good) includes the cost of its steel, tires, and engine (intermediate goods). Counting the intermediate goods separately would inflate the GDP figures inaccurately.
4. How do the NCERT Solutions for 'Sectors of the Indian Economy' explain 'disguised unemployment' with examples?
The solutions explain disguised unemployment as a situation where more people are employed in a job than are actually required. Even if some workers are removed, production does not fall. The solutions provide examples for clarity:
- Rural Areas: In agriculture, if a family of eight members is working on a small plot of land that only requires four people, the extra four members are considered disguisedly unemployed.
- Urban Areas: This can be seen in small family-run businesses or services where all family members work, even though fewer people could manage the work efficiently.
5. What key points do the NCERT Solutions provide on how the public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation?
According to the solutions for Chapter 2, the public sector is crucial for a nation's economic development because it:
- Promotes rapid economic growth by creating and expanding essential infrastructure like roads, railways, and electricity.
- Generates employment opportunities on a large scale.
- Encourages the development of small, medium, and large-scale industries.
- Ensures the availability of essential goods and services at affordable rates to the public.
6. The NCERT solutions show a major shift from the primary to the tertiary sector in terms of GDP share. What is a common mistake students make when solving questions related to this data?
A common mistake is assuming that a rising share in GDP for the tertiary sector means a similar rise in employment in that sector. The NCERT solutions highlight that while the service sector's production has grown significantly, it has not created a proportionate number of jobs. A large portion of the workforce still remains in the primary sector, often facing disguised unemployment.
7. How are the questions structured in the NCERT solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 2?
The NCERT exercises for this chapter, and therefore the solutions, are structured to test different skills. They typically include:
- Objective questions like Fill in the Blanks and Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) to test factual recall.
- Matching exercises to test the association between concepts.
- Short and long-answer questions that require detailed explanations of concepts like the difference between sectors, types of unemployment, and the role of the public sector.
- Data-based questions that require calculation and interpretation, such as calculating the share of sectors in GDP.
8. Beyond just listing examples, how do the NCERT solutions justify the government's role in public sector activities like railways and electricity?
The solutions explain that the government undertakes these activities because they require massive investment and are meant for public welfare, not just profit. If left to the private sector, essential services like water and electricity might become too expensive for the general population to afford. The government's role is to ensure these facilities are available to all citizens at reasonable rates, which contributes to balanced national development.
9. What is the step-by-step method shown in the NCERT solutions to calculate the share of the three sectors in GDP for a given year?
The solutions demonstrate a clear, two-step method:
- First, you must calculate the Total GDP by adding the GDP contributions of the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors.
- Second, to find the share of a specific sector, you use the formula: (GDP of the Sector / Total GDP) × 100. This gives the percentage share of that sector in the total economy for that year.
10. How do the solutions for questions on the unorganised sector (Q14, Q22) connect to the objectives of a scheme like NREGA 2005 (Q17)?
The NCERT solutions create a clear link between the problems of the unorganised sector and the solutions offered by government schemes. The solutions for questions 14 and 22 explain that workers in the unorganised sector face exploitation, low wages, and no job security. The solution for NREGA 2005 (now MGNREGA) then presents the scheme as a direct government intervention to address these issues by providing a legal guarantee of 100 days of wage employment, thus offering a safety net and increasing the income of rural households.
