NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 Statistics

1. A survey was conducted by a group of students as a part of their environment awareness programme, in which they collected the following data regarding the number of plants in 20 houses in a locality. Find the mean number of plants per house.

Which method did you use for finding the mean, and why?

Ans: The number of houses denoted by \[{{x}_{i}}\].

The mean can be found as given below:

\[\overline{X}=\frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{x}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}}\]

Class mark \[\left( {{x}_{i}} \right)\] for each interval is calculated as follows:\[xi=\text{ }\frac{\text{Upper class limit+Lower class limit}}{2}\] 

\[{{x}_{i}}\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{x}_{i}}\] can be calculated as follows:

From the table, it can be observed that

$\sum{{{f}_{i}}=20}$ 

$\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{x}_{i}}}=162$ 

Substituting the value of  \[{{f}_{i}}{{x}_{i}}\]and ${{f}_{i}}$ in the formula of mean we get:

Mean number of plants per house \[\left( \overline{X} \right)\]:

$   \overline{X}=\frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{x}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} $

$  \overline{X}=\frac{162}{20}=8.1$        

Therefore, the mean number of plants per house is \[8.1\].

In this case, we will use the direct method because the value of \[{{x}_{i}}\] and ${{f}_{i}}$ .

2. Consider the following distribution of daily wages of \[\mathbf{50}\] workers of a factory.

Find the mean daily wages of the workers of the factory by using an appropriate method.

Ans: Let the class size of the data be $h$.

The mean can be found as given below:

$\overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right)h$

Take the assured mean \[(a)\] of the given data 

$a=150$

Class mark \[\left( {{x}_{i}} \right)\] for each interval is calculated as follows:

\[{{x}_{i}}=\frac{\text{Upper class limit+Lower class limit}}{2}\] 

Class size (\[h\]) of this data is:

$ h=120-100 $

$ h=20 $

\[{{d}_{i}},\]\[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\] can be evaluated as follows:

From the table, it can be observed that

\[\sum{{{f}_{i}}=50}\] 

and

$\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}=-12$ 

Substituting the value of \[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\] in the formula of mean we get:

The required mean:

$ \overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right)h $

$\Rightarrow  \overline{X}=150+\left( \frac{-12}{50} \right)20 $

$ \Rightarrow  \overline{X}=150-\frac{24}{5} $

$ \Rightarrow  \overline{X}=150-4.8 $

$\overline{X}=145.2$

Hence, the mean daily wage of the workers of the factory is Rs \[145.20\].

3. The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance of children of a locality. The mean pocket allowance is Rs.\[18\]. Find the missing frequency \[f\].

Ans: Let the class size of the data be $h$.

The mean can be found as given below:

$\overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right)h$

Suppose the assured mean $\left( a \right)$ of the data is $18$

Class mark \[\left( {{x}_{i}} \right)\] for each interval is calculated as follows:

\[{{x}_{i}}=\text{ }\frac{\text{Upper class limit+Lower class limit}}{2}\] 

It is given that, mean pocket allowance, \[\overline{X}=\text{ }Rs\text{ }18\]

Class size (\[h\]) of this data is:

$h=13-11 $

$ h=2 $ 

\[{{d}_{i}},\]\[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\]can be evaluated as follows:

From the table, it can be observed that

\[\sum{{{f}_{i}}=44+f}\] 

$\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}=2f-40$ 

Substituting the value of \[{{d}_{i}},\]\[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\] in the formula of mean we get:

The required mean:

$\overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{d}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right)h$ 

$\Rightarrow  18=18+\left( \frac{2f-40}{44+f} \right)2$ 

$\Rightarrow  0=\left( \frac{2f-40}{44+f} \right)$

$\Rightarrow  2f-40=0$ 

$\Rightarrow  f=20$ 

Hence, the value of frequency \[{{f}_{i}}\] is \[20\].

4. Thirty women were examined in a hospital by a doctor and the number of heart beats per minute were recorded and summarized as follows. Find the mean heart beats per minute for these women, choosing a suitable method.

Ans: Let the class size of the data be $h$.

The mean can be found as given below:

$\overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right)h$

Suppose the assured mean $\left( a \right)$ of the data is $75.5$

Class mark \[\left( {{x}_{i}} \right)\] for each interval is calculated as follows:

\[{{x}_{i}}=\frac{\text{Upper class limit+Lower class limit}}{2}\] 

Class size (\[h\]) of this data is:

$ h=68-65 $

$h=3 $

\[{{d}_{i}},\]\[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\]can be evaluated as follows:

From the table, it can be observed that

\[\sum{{{f}_{i}}=30}\] 

$\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}=4$ 

Substituting the value of \[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\] in the formula of mean we get:

The required mean:

$ \overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right)h $

$ \Rightarrow  \overline{X}=75.5+\left( \frac{4}{30} \right)3 $

$ \Rightarrow  \overline{X}=75.5+0.4 $

$ \Rightarrow  \overline{X}=75.9 $

Therefore, mean heart beats per minute for these women are \[75.9\] beats per minute.

5. In a retail market, fruit vendors were selling mangoes kept in packing boxes. These boxes contained a varying number of mangoes. The following was the distribution of mangoes according to the number of boxes.

Find the mean number of mangoes kept in a packing box. Which method of finding the mean did you choose?

Ans:

It can be noticed that class intervals are not continuous in the given data. There is a gap of \[1\]  between two class intervals. Therefore, we have to subtract $\frac{1}{2}$ to lower class and have to add $\frac{1}{2}$ to upper to make the class intervals continuous.

Let the class size of the data be $h$.

The mean can be found as given below:

$\overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right)h$

Suppose the assured mean $\left( a \right)$ of the data is $57$.

Class mark \[\left( {{x}_{i}} \right)\] for each interval is calculated as follows:

\[{{x}_{i}}=\frac{\text{Upper class limit+Lower class limit}}{2}\] 

Class size (\[h\]) of this data is:

$ h=52.5-49.5 $

$ h=3 $

\[{{d}_{i}},\]\[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\] can be calculated as follows:

It can be observed that from the above table

\[\sum{{{f}_{i}}=400}\] 

$\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}=25$ 

Substituting the value of \[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\] in the formula of mean we get:

The required mean:

$ \overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right)h$

$ \Rightarrow  \overline{X}=57+\left( \frac{25}{400} \right)3 $

$ \Rightarrow  \overline{X}=57+\frac{3}{16} $

$ \Rightarrow \overline{X}=57.1875 $

Hence, mean number of mangoes kept in a packing box is $57.1875$.

In the above case, we used step deviation method as the values of \[{{f}_{i}},\text{ }{{d}_{i}}\] are large and the class interval is not continuous.

6. The table below shows the daily expenditure on food of \[\mathbf{25}\] households in a locality.

Find the mean daily expenditure on food by a suitable method.

Ans: Let the class size of the data be $h$.

The mean can be found as given below:

$\overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right)h$

Suppose the assured mean $\left( a \right)$ of the data is \[225\].

Class mark \[\left( {{x}_{i}} \right)\] for each interval is calculated as follows:

\[{{x}_{i}}=\frac{\text{Upper class limit+Lower class limit}}{2}\] 

Class size (\[h\]) of this data is:

$ h=150-100 $

$ h=50 $

\[{{d}_{i}},\]\[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\] can be calculated as follows:

It can be observed that from the above table

\[\sum{{{f}_{i}}=25}\] 

$\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}=-7$ 

Substituting the value of \[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\] in the formula of mean we get:

The required mean:

$  \overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right)\times h $

$\Rightarrow   \overline{X}=225+\left( \frac{-7}{25} \right)\times 50 $

 $\Rightarrow  \overline{X}=221 $

Hence, mean daily expenditure on food is Rs\[211\].

7. To find out the concentration of \[\mathbf{S}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{2}}}\] in the air (in parts per million, i.e., ppm), the data was collected for \[\mathbf{30}\] localities in a certain city and is presented below:

Find the mean concentration of \[\mathbf{S}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{2}}}\] in the air.

Ans: Let the class size of the data be $h$.

The mean can be found as given below:

$\overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right)h$

Suppose the assured mean $\left( a \right)$ of the data is \[0.14\].

Class mark \[\left( {{x}_{i}} \right)\] for each interval is calculated as follows:

\[{{x}_{i}}=\frac{\text{Upper class limit+Lower class limit}}{2}\] 

Class size (\[h\]) of this data is:

$ h=0.04-0.00 $

$ h=0.04 $

\[{{d}_{i}},\]\[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\] can be calculated as follows:

It can be observed that from the above table

\[\sum{{{f}_{i}}=30}\] 

$\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}=-31$ 

Substituting the value of \[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\] in the formula of mean we get:

The required mean:

$ \overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right)\times h $ 

$ \overline{X}=0.14+\left( \frac{-31}{30} \right)\times (0.04) $

$ \overline{X}=0.14-0.04133 $

$ \overline{X}=0.09867 $

$\overline{X}=0.099$ ppm

Hence, the mean concentration of \[\text{S}{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}}\] in the air is $0.099$ppm.

8. A class teacher has the following absentee record of  \[\mathbf{40}\] students of a class for the whole term. Find the mean number of days a student was absent.

Ans: Let the class size of the data be $h$.

The mean can be found as given below:

$\overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right)$

Suppose the assured mean $\left( a \right)$ of the data is \[17\].

Class mark \[\left( {{x}_{i}} \right)\] for each interval is calculated as follows:

\[{{x}_{i}}=\frac{\text{Upper class limit+Lower class limit}}{2}\] 

\[{{d}_{i}},\]\[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\] can be calculated as follows:

It can be observed that from the above table

\[\sum{{{f}_{i}}=40}\] 

$\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}=-181$ 

Substituting the value of \[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\] in the formula of mean we get:

$ \overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right) $

$ \Rightarrow  \overline{X}=17+\left( \frac{-181}{40} \right) $

$ \Rightarrow  \overline{X}=17-4.525 $

$ \Rightarrow  \overline{X}=12.475 $

Hence, the mean number of days is $12.48$ days for which a student was absent.

9. The following table gives the literacy rate (in percentage) of \[\mathbf{35}\] cities. Find the mean literacy rate.

Ans: Let the class size of the data be $h$.

The mean can be found as given below:

$\overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right)$

Suppose the assured mean $\left( a \right)$ of the data is \[70\].

Class mark \[\left( {{x}_{i}} \right)\] for each interval is calculated as follows:

\[{{x}_{i}}=\frac{\text{Upper class limit+Lower class limit}}{2}\]

Class size (\[h\]) of this data is:

$ h=55-45 $

$ h=10 $

\[{{d}_{i}},\]\[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\] can be calculated as follows:

It can be observed that from the above table

\[\sum{{{f}_{i}}=35}\] 

$\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}=-2$ 

Substituting the value of \[{{u}_{i}},\] and \[{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}\] in the formula of mean we get:

The required mean:

$ \overline{X}=a+\left( \frac{\sum{{{f}_{i}}{{u}_{i}}}}{\sum{{{f}_{i}}}} \right)\times h $

$ \Rightarrow  \overline{X}=70+\left( \frac{-2}{35} \right)\times 10 $

 $ \Rightarrow  \overline{X}=70-\frac{20}{35} $ 

 $\Rightarrow  \overline{X}=69.43 $

Therefore, the mean literacy rate of cities is $69.43%$.

Conclusion

Class 10 Maths Chapter 13, exercise 13.1, focuses on the application of statistics to solve real-world problems. It's important to understand how to calculate measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and how to interpret these values in different contexts. Pay close attention to how data is organized and represented, as this will help in solving problems efficiently. Previous years' question papers have typically included 2-3 questions from this exercise, emphasizing practical application and interpretation of statistical data. Focus on understanding the concepts thoroughly and practicing different types of problems to build confidence and accuracy.

Class 10 Maths Chapter 13: Exercises Breakdown

CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 Other Study Materials

Chapter-Specific NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths

Given below are the chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths. Go through these chapter-wise solutions to be thoroughly familiar with the concepts.

Study Resources for Class 10 Maths

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