JEE Main Chemistry Syllabus 2027: PDF, Topics, Weightage & Deleted Topics

Unit

Chapter

SubTopics 

1

Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry

• Matter and its nature

• Dalton's atomic theory

• Atoms, molecules, elements and compounds

• Laws of chemical combination

• Atomic and molecular masses

• Mole concept and molar mass

• Percentage composition

• Empirical and molecular formulae

• Chemical equations and stoichiometry

2

Atomic Structure

• Electromagnetic radiation

• Photoelectric effect

• Hydrogen atom spectrum

• Bohr model and its limitations

• Dual nature of matter

• de Broglie relationship

• Heisenberg uncertainty principle

• Quantum mechanical model of the atom

• Atomic orbitals and quantum numbers

• Shapes of s, p and d orbitals

• Electron spin

• Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule

• Electronic configuration

3

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

• Kossel-Lewis approach

• Ionic and covalent bonds

• Factors affecting ionic bonding

• Lattice enthalpy

• Electronegativity and Fajan's rule

• Dipole moment

• VSEPR theory

• Hybridisation

• Resonance

• Valence bond theory

• Molecular orbital theory and LCAOs

• Bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals

• Sigma and pi bonds

• Bond order, bond length and bond energy

• Metallic bonding

• Hydrogen bonding

4

Chemical Thermodynamics

• Fundamentals of thermodynamics

• Laws of thermodynamics

• Enthalpy of different processes

• Gibbs free energy

• Equilibrium constant

5

Solutions

• Methods of expressing concentration

• Molarity, molality and mole fraction

• Percentage concentration

• Vapour pressure of solutions

• Raoult's law

• Ideal and non-ideal solutions

• Colligative properties

• Relative lowering of vapour pressure

• Depression of freezing point

• Elevation of boiling point

• Osmotic pressure

• Determination of molecular mass

• Abnormal molar mass

• van't Hoff factor

6

Equilibrium

• Dynamic equilibrium

• Equilibria involving physical processes

• Henry's law

• Chemical equilibrium

• Equilibrium constants Kp and Kc

• Gibbs free energy and chemical equilibrium

• Le Chatelier's principle

• Ionic equilibrium

• Strong and weak electrolytes

• Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis acids and bases

• Ionisation constants

• pH scale

• Common ion effect

• Salt hydrolysis

• Solubility product

• Buffer solutions

7

Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

• Oxidation and reduction concepts

• Oxidation number

• Balancing redox reactions

• Electrolytic and metallic conduction

• Conductance and molar conductivity

• Kohlrausch's law

• Electrochemical cells

• Electrolytic and galvanic cells

• Electrode potentials

• Standard electrode potential

• Nernst equation

• Cell potential and Gibbs' energy change

• Dry cell and lead accumulator

• Fuel cells

8

Chemical Kinetics

• Rate of chemical reaction

• Factors affecting reaction rate

• Order and molecularity

• Rate law and rate constant

• Zero-order and first-order reactions

• Integrated rate equations

• Half-life

• Effect of temperature on reaction rate

• Arrhenius theory

• Activation energy

• Collision theory

Unit

Chapter

SubTopics 

9

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

• Modern periodic law

• Periodic trends

• Ionisation enthalpy

• Oxidation states

10

p-Block Elements

• General introduction to Groups 13 to 18

• Electronic configuration

• General trends in physical properties

• General trends in chemical properties

• Unique behaviour of the first element in each group

11

d- and f-Block Elements

• Transition elements

• Electronic configuration

• Occurrence and characteristics

• Physical properties

• Ionisation enthalpy

• Oxidation states

• Atomic radii

• Colour and magnetic properties

• Catalytic behaviour

• Complex formation

• Interstitial compounds

• Alloy formation

• Preparation, properties and uses of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄

• Lanthanoids and lanthanoid contraction

• Actinoids

• Electronic configuration and oxidation states of inner transition elements

12

Coordination Compounds

• Introduction to coordination compounds

• Werner's theory

• Ligands

• Coordination number and denticity

• Chelation

• IUPAC nomenclature

• Isomerism

• Valence bond approach

• Basic ideas of crystal field theory

• Colour and magnetic properties

• Importance of coordination compounds

• Applications in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems

Unit

Chapter

SubTopics 

13

Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds

• Crystallisation

• Sublimation

• Distillation

• Differential extraction

• Chromatography

• Qualitative analysis of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens

• Quantitative analysis of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur and phosphorus

• Empirical and molecular formulae

• Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis

14

Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry

• Tetravalency of carbon

• Shapes of simple molecules

• Hybridisation

• Classification of organic compounds

• Functional groups

• Homologous series

• Structural and stereoisomerism

• Trivial and IUPAC nomenclature

• Homolytic and heterolytic bond fission

• Free radicals, carbocations and carbanions

• Electrophiles and nucleophiles

• Stability of carbocations and free radicals

• Inductive, electromeric and resonance effects

• Hyperconjugation

• Substitution, addition and elimination reactions

15

Hydrocarbons

• Classification and isomerism

• IUPAC nomenclature

• General methods of preparation

• Properties and reactions

• Alkanes and their conformations

• Halogenation of alkanes

• Alkenes and geometrical isomerism

• Electrophilic addition reactions

• Ozonolysis and polymerisation

• Alkynes and acidic character

• Addition reactions of alkynes

• Aromatic hydrocarbons

• Benzene structure and aromaticity

• Electrophilic substitution reactions

• Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation

• Directive influence of functional groups

16

Organic Compounds Containing Halogens

• Preparation of organic halogen compounds

• Properties and reactions

• Uses of halogen-containing compounds

• Environmental effects of halogenated compounds

17

Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen

• General methods of preparation

• Properties and reactions

• Alcohols

• Identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols

• Dehydration of alcohols

• Phenols

• Acidic nature of phenols

• Electrophilic substitution reactions

• Reimer-Tiemann reaction

• Ethers

• Aldehydes and ketones

• Nucleophilic addition reactions

• Grignard reagent

• Oxidation and reduction

• Aldol condensation

• Cannizzaro reaction

• Haloform reaction

• Tests for aldehydes and ketones

• Carboxylic acids and their acidic strength

18

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

• Amines

• Preparation and properties of amines

• Diazonium salts

• Reactions of diazonium salts

• Significance in organic synthesis

19

Biomolecules

• General introduction and importance of biomolecules

• Carbohydrates

• Aldoses and ketoses

• Glucose and fructose

• Sucrose, lactose and maltose

• Amino acids and peptide bonds

• Proteins and their structures

• Denaturation of proteins

• Enzymes

• Vitamins and their functions

• DNA and RNA

• Biological functions of nucleic acids

• General introduction to hormones

20

Principles Related to Practical Chemistry

• Detection of nitrogen, sulphur and halogens

• Detection of functional groups

• Preparation of Mohr's salt and potash alum

• Preparation of acetanilide, p-nitroacetanilide, aniline yellow and iodoform

• Titrimetric exercises

• Acid-base titration and indicators

• Oxalic acid vs KMnO₄

• Mohr's salt vs KMnO₄

• Qualitative salt analysis

• Identification of specified cations and anions

• Enthalpy of solution of CuSO₄

• Enthalpy of neutralisation

• Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols

• Kinetic study of iodide ions with hydrogen peroxide

Chapter Name

Topics

Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry

• Physical quantities and their measurements in Chemistry

• Precision and accuracy

• Significant figures

• S.I.Units, dimensional analysis

States of Matter

• Classification of matter into solid, liquid, and gaseous states

• Gaseous State: Measurable properties of gases: Gas laws – Boyle’s law, Charles’s law

• Graham’s law of diffusion

• Avogadro’s law

• Dalton’s law of partial pressure

• Concept of Absolute scale of temperature

• Ideal gas equation; Kinetic theory of gases (only postulates)

• Concept of average, root mean square and most probable velocities

• Real gases, deviation from Ideal behaviour, compressibility factor, and van der Waals equation.

• Liquid State: Properties of liquids – vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension, and effect of temperature on them (qualitative treatment only).

• Solid State: Classification of solids: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea)

• Bragg’s Law and its applications: Unit cell and lattices.

• Packing in solids (fcc, bcc and hcp lattices), voids, calculations involving unit cell parameters, and imperfections in solids.

• Electrical and magnetic properties.

Atomic Structure

• Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations

Surface Chemistry

• Adsorption- physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids

• Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solutions. 

• Catalysis – Homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity of solid catalysts, enzyme catalysis, and its mechanism.

• Colloidal state- distinction among true solutions, colloids, and suspensions, 

• Classification of colloids – lyophilic. lyophobic; multi-molecular. Macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles)

• Preparation and properties of colloids – Tyndall effect

• Brownian movement, electrophoresis, dialysis, coagulation, and flocculation: 

• Emulsions and their characteristics.

General Principles And Processes of Isolation of Metals

(metallurgy)

• Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ores 

• Steps involved in the extraction of metals – concentration, reduction (chemical and electrolytic methods), and refining with special reference to the extraction of Al.

• Cu, Zn, and Fe; Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of metals.

Hydrogen

• Position of hydrogen in the periodic table 

• Isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen

• Physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water

• Structure, preparation, reactions, and uses of hydrogen peroxide

• Classification of hydrides – ionic, covalent, and interstitial. Hydrogen as a fuel. 

S - Block Elements

• General introduction

P - Block Elements

• Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements.

• Anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationships. Preparation and properties of some important compounds – sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium hydrogen carbonate; 

• Industrial uses of lime and limestone. Plaster of Paris and cement; biological significance of Na, K, Mg, and Ca.

• Groupwise study of the p–block elements: Group -13: Preparation, properties, and uses of boron and aluminium

• Structure, properties, and uses of borax, boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminium chloride, and alums.

• Group -14: The tendency for catenation; Structure, properties, and uses of Allotropes and oxides of carbon, silicon tetrachloride, silicates, zeolites, and silicones.

• Group -15: Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; Allotropic forms of phosphorus; Preparation, properties, structure, and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine, and phosphorus halides.

• Group -16: Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of ozone; Allotropic forms of sulfur; Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of sulphuric acid 

• Group 17: Preparation, properties, and uses of hydrochloric acid; trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; structures of Interhalogen compounds, oxides, and oxoacids of halogens.

• Group 18: Occurrence and uses of noble gases; Structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon.

Environmental Chemistry

• Environmental pollution: atmospheric, water, and soil.

• Atmospheric pollution – Tropospheric and stratospheric. Tropospheric pollutants – Gaseous pollutants: Oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur

• Hydrocarbons: their sources, harmful effects, and prevention; Greenhouse effect and Global warming

• Acid rain; Particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust, smog, fumes, mist; their sources, harmful effects, and prevention.  

• Stratospheric pollution: formation and breakdown of ozone, depletion of the ozone layer – its mechanism and effects. 

• Water pollution: major pollutants such as pathogens, organic wastes, and chemical pollutants; their harmful effects and prevention. 

• Soil pollution: major pollutants such as pesticides (insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides), their harmful effects, and prevention.

• Strategies to control environmental pollution

Polymers

• General introduction and classification of polymers

• General methods of polymerisation – Addition and condensation. 

• Copolymerization. Natural and synthetic, rubber and vulcanisation 

• Some important polymers with emphasis on their monomers and uses – polythene, nylon, polyester, and bakelite

Chemistry In Everyday Life

• Chemicals in Medicines – Analgesics, tranquillisers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, anti-fertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines.

• Chemicals in food – Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents – common examples. 

• Cleansing Agents – Soaps and detergents, cleansing action

Unit

Chapter

Weightage 2027

Questions 

1

Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry

5.0%

1.2

2

Atomic Structure

5.2%

1.3

3

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

5.7%

1.4

4

Chemical Thermodynamics

4.8%

1.2

5

Solutions

5.4%

1.4

6

Equilibrium

4.8%

1.2

7

Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

6.4%

1.6

8

Chemical Kinetics

4.4%

1.1

9

Classification of Elements and Periodicity

3.5%

0.9

10

p-Block Elements

5.9%

1.5

11

d- and f-Block Elements

5.1%

1.3

12

Co-ordination Compounds

7.5%

1.9

13

Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds

3.6%

0.9

14

Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry

5.7%

1.4

15

Hydrocarbons

6.2%

1.5

16

Organic Compounds containing Halogens

2.4%

0.6

17

Organic Compounds containing Oxygen

8.0%

2.0

18

Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen

4.5%

1.1

19

Biomolecules

4.0%

1.0

20

Principles Related to Practical Chemistry

1.9%

0.5

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