CBSE Important Questions for Class 9 Social Science History The French Revolution - 2025-26

1. Who were the clergy in France during the revolution?

Ans: The clergy were members of the church in France. They were part of the First Estate, which also included bishops and priests. They held significant power and wealth, owning large amounts of land and receiving money from tithes (an income tax). The clergy enjoyed many privileges and did not have to pay taxes like other citizens. This created resentment among the common people, who were burdened with heavy taxes. During the French Revolution, the clergy's special status was challenged, and their power was significantly reduced as the revolutionaries aimed to create a more equal society.

2. Summarize the key points of the French Revolution.

Ans: The French Revolution began in 1789 and was a period of major social and political change in France. Key points include the fall of the monarchy, the rise of the republic, and the introduction of new ideas about equality and rights. The Revolution started due to widespread dissatisfaction with the king’s rule, economic troubles, and social inequalities. Major events include the Storming of the Bastille and the Reign of Terror. The Revolution led to the end of feudal privileges and inspired movements for democracy and human rights worldwide.

3. What was the Subsistence Crisis?

Ans: The Subsistence Crisis was a period of severe food shortage and economic hardship in France during the late 18th century. Poor harvests led to high bread prices, making it difficult for many people to afford basic food. This crisis caused widespread hunger and suffering among the common people. The high cost of living and low wages exacerbated the problem, leading to riots and unrest. The crisis was one of the key factors that contributed to the French Revolution, as it highlighted the deep economic and social inequalities in French society.

4. Who was the King of France during the French Revolution?

Ans: The King of France during the French Revolution was Louis XVI. He reigned from 1774 to 1792, a period marked by economic trouble and increasing dissatisfaction among the French people. Louis XVI’s inability to address financial crises and social inequality led to widespread unrest. His attempts at reforms were too little, too late, and failed to quell the growing revolutionary sentiment. In 1792, the monarchy was abolished, and Louis XVI was put on trial. He was found guilty of treason and was executed by guillotine in January 1793.

5. Describe the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.

Ans: The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was a key document adopted in 1789 during the French Revolution. It outlined fundamental rights and freedoms for all citizens, including liberty, equality, and fraternity. The declaration emphasized that all men are born free and equal in rights, and that these rights should be protected by law. It was inspired by Enlightenment ideas and aimed to establish a more just and fair society. The declaration served as a foundation for the French Republic and influenced human rights principles worldwide.

6. What does liberty mean? Mention the two differing views on liberty.

Ans: Liberty means freedom from restrictions and the right to live one's life as one chooses. During the French Revolution, there were differing views on liberty. One view was that liberty meant freedom from oppressive government control and the ability to enjoy personal rights and freedoms. Another view was that liberty should include equality and social justice, ensuring that everyone had the same opportunities and rights. These conflicting views created debates about the best way to achieve true freedom and how to balance individual rights with societal needs.

7. Write a brief overview of Olympe de Gouges, the revolutionary woman.

Ans: Olympe de Gouges was a French playwright and political activist during the French Revolution. She is best known for her strong advocacy for women's rights and her work, "The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen," which challenged the exclusion of women from the revolutionary ideals of equality and liberty. De Gouges fought for gender equality and social justice, emphasizing the need for women to have the same rights as men. Her activism made her a prominent figure in the revolutionary movement, though she was eventually executed for her outspoken views.

8. Why was the Bastille hated? Why did people storm the Bastille?

Ans: The Bastille was hated because it symbolized the oppressive power of the French monarchy and was used as a prison for those who opposed the king. It was seen as a place of unjust imprisonment and tyranny. On July 14, 1789, a group of revolutionaries stormed the Bastille to seize weapons and ammunition and to show their opposition to the king’s regime. This event marked the beginning of the French Revolution and became a powerful symbol of the fight against oppression and the demand for freedom.

9. List some basic rights outlined in Olympe de Gouges’ Declaration.

Ans: Olympe de Gouges’ Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen outlined several basic rights, including equality before the law, the right to participate in government, and the right to work and earn a living. It emphasized that women should have the same legal rights and opportunities as men. The declaration also called for an end to discrimination and the right for women to be involved in political and public life, advocating for a more inclusive and equal society.

10. Discuss the abolition of slavery during the French Revolution.

Ans: The abolition of slavery was a significant achievement of the French Revolution. In 1794, the revolutionary government declared the end of slavery in French colonies, freeing enslaved people in places like Saint-Domingue (now Haiti). This move was influenced by revolutionary ideals of equality and human rights. The decision was part of a broader effort to address social injustices and promote freedom. However, slavery was later reintroduced by Napoleon in 1802, only to be permanently abolished in 1848.

11. Provide a short biography of one revolutionary figure from this chapter.

Ans: Maximilien Robespierre was a leading figure during the French Revolution and a key member of the Jacobin Club. He was known for his role in the Reign of Terror, a period of intense political repression and mass executions. Robespierre was a strong advocate for revolutionary ideals and believed in using radical measures to protect the revolution. His efforts to enforce equality and justice were controversial, and he was eventually arrested and executed in 1794. Despite his controversial methods, Robespierre remains a significant figure in revolutionary history.

12. What led to the revolutionary protests in France?

Ans: Revolutionary protests in France were caused by a combination of economic hardship, social inequality, and political mismanagement. Rising bread prices and economic difficulties led to widespread suffering among the common people. The existing social structure, where the nobility and clergy enjoyed privileges while the commoners bore the burden of taxes, fuelled resentment. Additionally, the ineffective leadership of King Louis XVI and his inability to address these issues led to growing unrest, ultimately resulting in protests and the eventual outbreak of the French Revolution.

13. Which groups in French society gained from the revolution? Which lost power? Which groups were disappointed by the revolution?

Ans: The revolution benefited common people, including the bourgeoisie (middle class), who gained more political power and social influence. The nobility and clergy lost their privileges and power as the old social order was dismantled. The peasantry, who had hoped for more immediate improvements, were sometimes disappointed as the revolution did not fully address their economic struggles. The radical changes also led to new forms of inequality and challenges, which left some groups dissatisfied with the outcomes of the revolution.

14. What was the impact of the French Revolution on the world in the 19th and 20th centuries?

Ans: The French Revolution had a profound impact on the world, inspiring other revolutionary movements and spreading ideas about democracy, human rights, and equality. It led to the rise of democratic governments and influenced the development of modern political ideologies. The principles of liberty and equality from the French Revolution shaped political and social reforms in many countries. The revolution's legacy continued to affect global politics and inspire movements for change throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.

15. List some democratic rights we have today that originated from the French Revolution.

Ans: Many democratic rights we enjoy today were influenced by the French Revolution. These include the right to vote, freedom of speech, equality before the law, and the right to a fair trial. The revolution also promoted the idea of universal human rights and civil liberties. These principles have become foundational in modern democracies and continue to shape laws and policies around the world.

16. Do you think the idea of universal rights had contradictions? Explain your view.

Ans: Yes, the idea of universal rights had contradictions. While the French Revolution promoted equality and rights for all, these principles were not fully applied to all groups, such as women and enslaved people. The rights were often limited by the social and political realities of the time. For example, the revolutionary ideals did not immediately end slavery or fully extend rights to women. These contradictions highlight the challenges of applying universal principles consistently across different groups and contexts.

17. How did Napoleon rise to power?

Ans: Napoleon Bonaparte rose to power through a combination of military success and political manoeuvring. After gaining prominence as a military leader during the French Revolutionary Wars, he capitalized on the instability in France. In 1799, he staged a coup d'état, overthrowing the existing government and establishing himself as First Consul. In 1804, he declared himself Emperor, consolidating his power and leading France through a period of significant political and military achievements.

18. What do “Tithes” and “Taille” mean?

Ans: “Tithes” were a tax paid to the church, usually one-tenth of a person’s income or produce. The clergy collected this as a source of revenue. “Taille” was a direct tax imposed on the common people by the French monarchy. Unlike tithes, the taille was a state tax and was a heavy burden on the peasantry, contributing to the financial difficulties and dissatisfaction that fuelled the French Revolution.

19. Who wrote the book ‘Two Treatises of Government’?

Ans: The book ‘Two Treatises of Government’ was written by John Locke, an influential English philosopher. Published in 1689, the book outlines ideas about government, natural rights, and the social contract. Locke’s work argued for the protection of individual rights and the idea that government should be based on the consent of the governed. His ideas greatly influenced political thought during the Enlightenment and the French Revolution.

20. What is the “middle class”? List three characteristics.

Ans: The “middle class” refers to a social class between the upper class (nobility) and the lower class (working class). Three characteristics of the middle class include: 

1) Economic Stability: They often have steady jobs and a reasonable income. 

2) Education: Middle-class individuals typically have access to education and higher learning. 

3) Social Status: They may hold professional or managerial positions and have some level of social influence.

21. Why was the Bastille disliked by many?

Ans: The Bastille was disliked because it symbolized the king’s absolute power and was used to imprison people without trial. It represented the repressive nature of the monarchy and was a focal point of frustration for those opposing the king’s regime. Its storming on July 14, 1789, marked the beginning of the French Revolution and became a powerful symbol of the fight against oppression.

22. What rights did French women demand?

Ans: French women demanded the right to vote, be elected to the assembly, and hold political office. They sought full participation in political and public life, which was a significant issue during the French Revolution, as they fought for equal rights alongside men.

23. What were the social classes in France before the French Revolution?

Ans: Before the French Revolution, French society was divided into three main classes. 

• The First Estate included the clergy, such as priests and bishops, who owned a lot of land and were exempt from many taxes. 

• The Second Estate consisted of the nobility, including lords and barons, who enjoyed special privileges and paid fewer taxes. 

• The Third Estate was the largest and included peasants, workers, and the middle class. 

• They bore the brunt of the taxes and had little power, which led to widespread discontent and played a major role in sparking the revolution.

24. What were some key changes made by the National Assembly during the French Revolution?

Ans: The National Assembly introduced several important changes during the French Revolution. They ended the feudal system, removing the special privileges of the nobility and clergy. They created the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which promoted equal rights for all people. Furthermore, they also reorganized France into new administrative areas called departments to improve governance. New laws were made to ensure fairness and justice for everyone. Additionally, they took control of church lands and placed the church under government supervision to address financial issues.

25. How did the French Revolution affect art and culture?

Ans: The French Revolution had a major impact on art and culture. Artists began to focus on themes related to the revolution, such as freedom and equality, rather than traditional royal or religious subjects. Revolutionary symbols like the new flag and the national anthem, "La Marseillaise," became important cultural icons. Literature also shifted to reflect new ideas about equality and human rights. Public celebrations and festivals were promoted to honour revolutionary values. Initially, there was more freedom of expression, but later, censorship and propaganda were used to control artistic output.

26. What was the Reign of Terror, and who was its main leader?

Ans: The Reign of Terror was a period of intense violence and political repression during the French Revolution. It lasted from September 1793 to July 1794 and aimed to protect the revolution from its enemies. Maximilien Robespierre was the main leader during this time, heading the Committee of Public Safety. Thousands of people were executed by guillotine, often on charges of being against the revolution. The Reign of Terror ended with Robespierre’s arrest and execution, leading to a more moderate phase in the revolution.

Important Topics of Class 9 History Chapter 1 The French Revolution

Chapter 1 The French Revolution covers key events and ideas of the French Revolution, including its causes, major events, and impacts. Understanding these topics helps explain how the revolution changed France and influenced the world.

Benefits of Learning with Class 9 History Chapter 1 The French Revolution Important Questions 

• Class 9 French Revolution Important Questions and Answers helps students see how big changes in society happen, which can help them understand changes in their own lives.

• It improves their ability to think critically and solve problems, which is useful for everyday decisions.

• Students learn about the importance of rights and freedoms, helping them value and protect their rights.

• Class 9 French Revolution Extra Questions and Answers helps students connect past events with current news, giving them a better view of today's world.

• Learning how people solved problems during the revolution can help students handle their challenges.

• Knowing about leaders like Napoleon can inspire students to develop their leadership skills.

Conclusion 

Studying the important questions from Class 9 History Chapter 1 on The French Revolution helps students understand the key events and people of this important time. Learning about the causes, events like the Storming of the Bastille, and Napoleon’s rise shows how the revolution changed France and affected the world. By focusing on these Class 9 French Revolution Important Questions, students can prepare well for their exams. For more help with The French Revolution, check out Vedantu for extra study materials.

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