Master CBSE Class 10 Science: Heredity and Evolution MCQ Practice for 2025-26

As mentioned earlier, genetics is an excellent chapter where students learn a lot of new things. They find out what genes are and how they get transferred from one generation to the other. They also learn what heredity is and how it controls the characteristic features of a new generation.

Let us check the topics covered in CBSE Class 10 Chapter 9 first:

• Introduction to Evolution and Heredity

• Meaning and elaboration of sexual reproduction

• The explanation of related terms such as genes, heredity, etc

• Mendel’s work and his observations

• Monohybrid cross and dihybrid cross

• Inheritance

• Determination of sex

• Acquired inheritance and variation

• Genetic variations

• Natural selection

• Speciation

• Genetic drift

• Darwin’s theory of evolution

• Origin of life

• Human evolution

• Molecular phylogeny, etc

These are the crucial topics you will study in this chapter. It is a descriptive chapter that needs prime attention to complete studying and understanding the concepts. Solving the MCQs will help you understand these topics well and focus on where you need to give more effort to prepare this chapter well.

CBSE Class 10 Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution MCQs and Answers 

1. Which of the following statements is true about Lamarck's theory of evolution?

a) It suggests that organisms can acquire new characteristics through use or disuse of body parts

b) It suggests that organisms are randomly selected for survival based on their inherited traits

c) It suggests that all organisms have a common ancestor

d) It suggests that the environment plays no role in the evolution of species

Answer: a) It suggests that organisms can acquire new characteristics through use or disuse of body parts

2. The theory of natural selection was proposed by:

a) Gregor Mendel

b) Charles Darwin

c) Thomas Malthus

d) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Answer: b) Charles Darwin

3. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of evolution?

a) Mutation

b) Genetic drift

c) Migration

d) Inbreeding

Answer: d) Inbreeding

4. The process of formation of new species from an existing species is called:

a) Evolution

b) Speciation

c) Adaptation

d) Selection

Answer: b) Speciation

5. Which of the following is NOT a type of natural selection?

a) Stabilising selection

b) Directional selection

c) Disruptive selection

d) Artificial selection

Answer: d) Artificial selection

6. Which of the following statements is true about genetic drift?

a) It occurs when a small group of individuals leave a larger population to form a new population

b) It results in a change in allele frequencies due to chance events

c) It occurs when individuals with certain traits are selected for survival and reproduction

d) It leads to the formation of new species

Answer: b) It results in a change in allele frequencies due to chance events

7.The genetic makeup of an organism is called its:

a) Genotype

b) Phenotype

c) Allele

d) Chromosome

Answer: a) Genotype

8. The study of the distribution of plants and animals around the world is called:

a) Biogeography

b) Paleontology

c) Comparative anatomy

d) Molecular biology

Answer: a) Biogeography

9. Which of the following is an example of homologous structures?

a) Wings of a bird and wings of a bat

b) Wings of a bird and fins of a fish

c) Wings of a bird and arms of a human

d) Wings of a bird and legs of a grasshopper

Answer: c) Wings of a bird and arms of a human

10. The process of formation of a new species without geographic isolation is called:

a) Allopatric speciation

b) Sympatric speciation

c) Hybridisation

d) Convergent evolution

Answer: b) Sympatric speciation

11. Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

a) Wings of a bird and wings of a bat

b) Wings of a bird and fins of a fish

c) Wings of a bird and wings of an insect

d) Wings of a bird and legs of a grasshopper

Answer: c) Wings of a bird and wings of an insect

12. The number of chromosomes in a human gamete is:

a) 23

b) 46

c) 92

d) 69

Answer: a) 23

13. The occurrence of two or more alleles of a gene in a population is called:

a) Polymorphism

b) Homozygosity

c) Heterozygosity

d) Inbreeding

Answer: a) Polymorphism

14. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of genetic variation?

a) Mutation

b) Sexual reproduction

c) Genetic drift

d) Gene flow

Answer: c) Genetic drift

15. Which of the following is a drawback of asexual reproduction?

a) It results in genetically diverse offspring

b) It allows for rapid reproduction in favorable conditions

c) It increases the chances of survival in a changing environment

d) It results in no genetic variation in offspring

Answer: d) It results in no genetic variation in offspring

How Solving Class 10 Heredity and Evolution MCQs can be Beneficial?

We can see how elaborately this chapter explains the concepts of genetics, heredity and evolution. To study this chapter, you will need proper revision notes and NCERT solutions designed by the top subject experts of Vedantu.

When you are done solving the exercise questions, download Heredity and Evolution Class 10 MCQ with answers and solve them at home. By doing so, you will get the following benefits added to your preparation for this chapter.

Focus on Topics

The question format of MCQs is entirely based on the precision of knowledge. You will have to know the topics and concepts precisely to answer these questions accurately. These questions have multiple choices. Only one choice is the right option that you have to choose to get a full score. Hence, you need to know the concepts well enough to identify the right answer.

This is why solving MCQs will increase your focus on the topics. Your precise knowledge will need regular sharpening by revisiting the chapter. This is why solving such questions is ideal for your chapter preparation.

Preparation Assessment

Take a good look at the questions. You will find easy questions which you can answer effortlessly. There will be questions that will make you think twice before choosing the right option from the list. The rest of the questions based on heredity and evolution cannot be answered by you.

What do you learn from these? The questions that need time to answer correctly will depict the topics that need more effort to learn. The questions you cannot answer at all will need more preparation. By solving the MCQs, you will get a roadmap to follow for this chapter and make your preparation stronger.

Test Before Exam

Another reason to solve MCQs before an exam is to check your answering skills. Develop a strategy to attempt answering MCQs in the board exams and prepare this chapter well. Check your accuracy level and find out how well you can score on these questions. Boost your confidence by solving these questions at home.

Practice Solving CBSE Class 10 Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution MCQs PDF

Download the Heredity and Evolution Class 10 MCQ PDF for free and complete your study material for this chapter. Study all the topics, resolve all the doubts and then solve these MCQs to check your answering skills, preparation level and confidence. Prepare for the MCQ part of the board exam by solving these questions at home. Seek professional assistance from our top online science tutors to study this chapter well.