Introduction: Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 1 CBSE Notes - 2025-26

New and Old Terminologies

The terms and meaning of words change over time. For example, “Hindustan” today means “India”, a country, whereas in the thirteenth century, Minhaj-i-Siraj, a chronicler who wrote in Persian, used it to refer to the areas of Punjab, Haryana, and the lands between the Ganga and Yamuna.

Historians and their Sources

• Coins, inscriptions, architecture, and textual records are used to gather information about the past.

• People gradually started writing holy texts, chronicles of rulers, letters and teachings of saints, petitions and judicial records, and registers of accounts and taxes.

• Manuscripts were written and collected by wealthy people, rulers, monasteries, and temples. They were also placed in temples in monasteries. These contained a lot of detailed information. Since these were handwritten, they were difficult to comprehend.

• There were no printing presses and the texts were copied by hand which led to slight changes in them over time. Since the authentic writer couldn’t be found, the disparities continued. As a result, historians have to read different manuscript versions of the same text to guess what the author had originally written.

• A fourteenth-century chronicler, Ziauddin Barani, wrote his chronicle first in 1356 and another two years later. The two differ from each other but historians did not know about the existence of the first version until the 1960s. It remained lost in large library collections.

New Social and Political Groups

• There were various changes that happened between 700 and 1750 at different moments in this period. New technologies made their appearances like the Persian wheel in irrigation, the spinning wheel in weaving, and firearms in combat.

• The Nastaliq style (on the left) is cursive and easy to read, the Shikaste (on the right) is denser and more difficult. 

• Potatoes, corn, chillies, tea, and coffee were new food items that arrived in the subcontinent. New people brought new ideas with them and brought a lot of economic, political, social, and cultural changes.

• Rajputra or Rajputs were Kshatriyas who claimed ruler status. They had a chivalric code of conduct, extreme valour, and a great sense of loyalty.

• Marathas, Sikhs, Jats, Ahoms, and Kayasthas (a caste of scribes and secretaries) also used the opportunities of the age to become politically important.

• Ranks were not fixed permanently and varied according to the power, influence, and resources and from area to area. 

• Jatis framed their own rules and regulations to manage the conduct of their members. These regulations were enforced by an assembly of elders, described in some areas as the jati panchayat. But jatis were also required to follow the rules of their villages. Several villages were governed by a chieftain. 

Region and Empire

• Around 700 many regions already possessed distinct geographical dimensions and their own language and cultural characteristics.

• There was considerable conflict between these states and occasionally dynasties like the Cholas, Khaljis, Tughlaqs, and Mughals were able to build an empire that was pan-regional but not all these empires were equally stable or successful.

• Across the subcontinent, there were small and big states that ruled over them and these led to the emergence of distinct and shared traditions: in the realms of governance, the management of the economy, elite cultures, and language.

• These regions felt the impact of larger pan-regional forces of integration without ever quite losing their distinctiveness.

Old and New Religions

• People’s trust in spirituality was personal but the ideas were also communal. The belief in religion changed over time as the social and economic organisations of local communities changed over time.

• During this period, Hinduism saw a change in the way the religion operated. These included the worship of new deities, the construction of temples by royalty, and the growing importance of Brahmanas, the priests, as dominant groups in society.

• Their knowledge of Sanskrit texts earned the Brahmanas a lot of respect in society and they were provided with a lot of support from the rulers too. These led to the development of the bhakti movement. 

• New religions appeared in the subcontinent. The merchants and migrants first brought the teachings of the Holy Quran to India in the seventh century. Muslims regard the Quran as their holy book and accept the sovereignty of the one God, Allah, whose love, mercy, and bounty embrace all those who believe in Him, without regard to social background.

• And like Hinduism, Islam was interpreted in a variety of ways by its followers. There were other important differences between the various schools of law (Hanafi and Shafi’i mainly in India), and in theology and mystic traditions.

Thinking About Time and Historical Periods

• In the middle of the nineteenth-century British historians divided the history of India into three periods: 

1. Hindu

2. Muslim 

3. British

• The division was vaguely based on the religion of the major rulers and there was no other significant basis taken for this categorization and also ignored the rich diversity of the subcontinent.

• The mediaeval period talks about hunter-gatherers, early farmers, people living in towns and villages, and early empires and kingdoms. 

• The “mediaeval” period contrasts with the “modern” period. “Modernity” carries with it a sense of material progress and intellectual advancement.

Changes in The Old and New Socio-Political Groups

The study revolving around 1000 years would be a little difficult for sure. There were a lot of changes and developments during the time. The creation of new technologies came along. For example, the creation of the Persian wheel became a pivotal part of irrigation. Not to mention that the spinning wheel was created to lend a hand in weaving. Also, there were firearms created in order to aid in combat. Along with that, there were some changes made to the food as well as the beverage system with the addition of new foods from the subcontinent. Production of potatoes, coffee, chillies, corn, and tea came into existence.

This was a period of proper mobility as well. Since most people began travelling for opportunities in cultivation and production. This resulted in a change of habitat too. Forests were cleared for agriculture and more purposes. People began sorting themselves into groups such as priests, chieftains, and so much more. Monasteries, markets, and temples came into existence. This also led to a socio-political divide between the people.

Formation of Regions and Religions

There were some larger states belonging to Tuglugs, Cholas, and the Mughals consisting of different regions. Hence, these regions had their very own culture and language which were comparatively specific to the dynasties that ruled them. With time, there were also some changes in religious traditions too. There was a collective faith in a particular supernatural agency which came to be known as religion. This would connect most social as well as economical organisations to form communities in the local areas in the best way. 

With the alterations in the social groups, there were some changes made in the beliefs as well which included changes in Hinduism and their worship of different deities. Hence, such changes can be seen quite frequently over the years. With time, there were many changes occurring in every part of the world and these changes will continue to happen.

5 Important Topics of Class 7 History Chapter 1 Introduction: Tracing Changes Through A Thousand Years Notes 

Importance of Class 7 History Chapter 1 Notes

• Revision notes help us quickly understand and remember key concepts before exams.

• They save time by focusing on essential information and skipping unnecessary details.

• These notes simplify complex topics, making them easier to understand and use.

• They provide practical examples that show how theoretical knowledge is used in real-life situations.

• Revision notes ensure thorough preparation by covering all important topics in a structured manner.

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Tips for Learning the History Class 7 Chapter 1 Introduction: Tracing Changes Through A Thousand Years

• Focus on the main concepts like "historians," "sources," and "periodization" to grasp the chapter's concepts better.

• Understand the timelines mentioned in the chapter to understand the sequence of historical events and changes over the centuries.

• Create or refer to maps and charts that illustrate the changes in regions, empires, and cultures over time to visualise the information.

• Relate the concepts to real-life examples or current events to make them easy and more understandable.

Conclusion

Vedantu's revision notes for Class 7 History Chapter 1, "Introduction: Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years," provide a clear and simple understanding of the major historical changes over a millennium. These notes help students grasp the evolution of societies, cultures, and empires with ease, making it simpler to connect past events to the present. With these notes, students can confidently prepare for exams and deepen their understanding of history in a straightforward manner.

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