Elephants, Tigers and Leopards Class 4 Maths Chapter 10 CBSE Notes 2025-26

Chapter 10, “Elephants, Tigers, and Leopards,” helps students understand addition and subtraction using real-life examples and games. The chapter starts by introducing the NIM Game, where two players take turns adding either 1 or 2 to reach the number 10. Students explore which moves can guarantee a win depending on the current total and learn critical thinking by predicting outcomes. These activities encourage logical reasoning while making learning fun and interactive.

An addition chart is provided in the chapter, where students can spot patterns by adding numbers from 0 to 12. The table helps students observe how sums are formed, such as noticing how the number 9 appears multiple times in different cells. They are guided to look at rows or columns with only even or odd numbers and to analyze “window frames” (specific boxed areas in the chart) to discover relationships and patterns, such as equal sums on diagonals or in certain highlighted boxes.

The “Reverse and Add” section encourages students to reverse two-digit numbers and add them to their original numbers. For example, 27 reversed is 72, and 27 + 72 = 99. Students list various two-digit numbers and their reversed sums, discover possible results (e.g., sums like 55, 88), and are challenged to see if three-digit results can be made, finding the smallest such sum. This helps in understanding place values and encourages exploration.

The chapter uses real-life data about Indian wildlife to teach mathematical skills. For example, it notes that India is home to three-fourths of the world’s tiger population and three-fifths of the Asiatic elephant population. Problems ask students to find the total number of elephants in Karnataka (6049) and Kerala (3054) by adding both numbers, resulting in a sum of 9103. Similarly, the number of leopards in Gujarat (1355), Karnataka (1131), and Madhya Pradesh (1817) is calculated and summed to 4303.

Another problem set revolves around tigers: Maharashtra has 444 tigers, Madhya Pradesh has 341 more than Maharashtra, and Uttarakhand has 116 more. Students solve for totals in each state and combined totals, learning to perform addition by comparing given and relative quantities.

Students practice subtraction using scenarios related to animal populations. For instance, Assam has 5719 elephants, which is 3965 more than Meghalaya. Students need to find the number of elephants in Meghalaya, which requires subtraction: 5719 – 3965 = 1754. Another question asks students to find how many leopards lived in 2018 in a region if in 2022 there were 8820, an increase of 749 over 2018, meaning 8820 – 749 = 8071.

A map-based exercise in the chapter encourages learners to write the calculated animal numbers on a map of India, reinforcing location-based memory and data handling. Examples include Gujarat (Leopards – 1355), Karnataka (Elephants – 6049, Leopards – 1131), Kerala (Elephants – 3054), Madhya Pradesh (Leopards – 1817), and Assam (Elephants – 5719).

Students learn to work with data tables showing visitors to a national park and production in a juice factory. They compare numbers across months (e.g., December vs. November at Kaziranga National Park), and calculate increases or decreases between months. For the juice factory, students compute the number of bottles by using differences and sums, e.g., guava juice is 759 more bottles than pineapple juice, and orange juice is calculated accordingly.

Vehicle registration data from a small town is another practical scenario, where students use conditions like “buses are 253 more than jeeps,” “tractors are 5247 less than buses,” and “taxis are 1579 more than tractors” to calculate each vehicle category and arrange them from lowest to highest.

Raju, Rani, and Roja fill out sample deposit slips for their contributions to a school event. Each must break down their total amount into various denominations of notes and coins. For example, Raju’s slip shows he has 3 notes of ₹500 (₹1500), 3 notes of ₹100 (₹300), and so on. Students are prompted to fill in the rest, reinforcing the concept of totals, place value, and different combinations to reach the same sum.

The chapter provides vertical and horizontal layouts for calculations, covering two-digit and four-digit numbers. Sample sums like 1459 + 476 and 7293 – 2819 allow for repeated practice. Special focus is given to easy mental calculation tricks, such as quickly adding 4596 + 104 or solving 8787 – 99 by recognizing place value shortcuts.

Students are challenged to compare expressions using < or > without actually calculating—for example, 84 – 68 ___ 90 – 68. They also use previously given results to deduce new answers, such as if 354 + 167 = 521, then 354 + 168 equals 522. These promote mathematical reasoning and understanding relationships between operations.

Unique puzzles encourage creative thinking; for example, students fill 9 squares with numbers 1 to 9 so that every neighboring square pair has an odd difference, or attempt the same with even differences. These puzzles combine computation with logical arrangement, providing a deeper grasp of numbers.

• Addition and subtraction practice with numbers of varying lengths
• Data handling from real-world contexts—animals, vehicles, juice bottles
• Bank deposit slip calculations
• Logical puzzles and value comparison activities

Class 4 Maths Chapter 10 Notes – Elephants, Tigers, and Leopards: Complete Revision Guide

These Class 4 Maths Chapter 10 notes cover every important topic from “Elephants, Tigers, and Leopards.” Students will find detailed summaries, solved examples, and practice problems based on the latest NCERT curriculum. All key addition and subtraction strategies for word problems and number patterns are explained simply.

These notes help Class 4 students understand mathematical thinking using real-life examples like wildlife data and engaging puzzles. With focused revision questions and clear explanations, students build a strong foundation in Maths for exams and daily problem-solving. Review all key chapter points here for confident, efficient study.