NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 Transport and Communication

1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:

(i) The Trans–Continental Stuart Highway runs between

• (a) Darwin and Melbourne
• (b) Edmonton and Anchorage
• (c) Vancouver and St. John’s City
• (d) Chengdu and Lhasa

Answer: (a) Darwin and Melbourne

(ii) Which country has the highest density of railway network?

• (a) Brazil
• (b) USA
• (c) Canada
• (d) Russia

Answer: (b) USA

(iii) The Big Trunk Route runs through

• (a) The Mediterranean–Indian Ocean
• (b) The North-Atlantic Ocean
• (c) The South-Atlantic Ocean
• (d) The North Pacific Ocean

Answer: (b) The North-Atlantic Ocean

(iv) The Big Inch pipeline transports

• (a) Milk
• (b) LPG
• (c) Water
• (d) Petroleum

Answer: (d) Petroleum

(v) Which one pair of the following places is linked by Channel Tunnel?

• (a) London – Berlin
• (b) Paris – London
• (c) Berlin – Paris
• (d) Barcelona – Berlin

Answer: (b) Paris – London

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) What are the problems of road transport in mountainous, desert and flood prone regions?

Answer: In mountainous regions, steep gradients and landslides hinder road construction. Desert areas face sand accumulation and sparse settlements, making roads expensive. Flood prone regions suffer from waterlogging and road damage during rains, disrupting transport and increasing maintenance costs.

(ii) What is a trans–continental railway?

Answer: A trans–continental railway is a railway line that connects two or more continents, or extends across an entire continent, joining its opposite coasts. Such railways promote trade, movement, and integration across vast distances and regions.

(iii) What are the advantages of water transport?

Answer: Water transport is very economical for carrying bulky and heavy goods over long distances. It has low energy costs, requires minimal track infrastructure, and offers a smooth, cost-efficient “highway,” especially for international trade.

3. Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.

(i) Elucidate the statement: “In a well managed transport system, various modes complement each other”.

Answer: In a well-managed transport system, each mode—road, rail, water, air, and pipelines—supports and supplements the others.

For example, ports connecting international water routes must have efficient linkages to roadways and railways for moving goods inland.

Railways effectively carry bulky cargo and link distant areas but may not reach every village, making local roadways essential for last-mile connectivity.

Airways provide rapid transport for passengers and high-value goods, especially where road or rail access is limited.

Pipelines move liquids like oil efficiently to refineries and markets.

This complementary network ensures efficient movement of people and goods, optimizes costs, and enhances national and international trade.

The synergy of these systems ensures accessibility, reliability, and cost-efficiency, resulting in an integrated and effective transport network tailored to diverse needs and geography.

(ii) Which are the major regions of the world having a dense network of airways.

Answer: The major regions with dense airways networks are the Eastern United States, Western Europe, and Southeast Asia.

Key international hubs include New York, London, Paris, Frankfurt, Rome, Moscow, Karachi, New Delhi, Bangkok, Singapore, and Tokyo.

The United States has about 60% of the world’s airways.

In contrast, airways in Africa, Russian Asia, and South America are less developed because of sparse population, less economic activity, and vast geographical distances. Industrialized countries benefit from better infrastructure, more airports, and higher air travel demand, resulting in high density and connectivity in these regions.

(iii) What are the modes by which cyber space will expand the contemporary economic and social space of humans?

Answer: Cyberspace will expand economic and social interaction by offering digital communication through emails and instant messaging, enabling e-commerce for business transactions, facilitating e-learning for education, and providing platforms for e-governance.

With the spread of the Internet to nearly every part of the globe, people can work, learn, trade, and connect regardless of physical boundaries.

This digital space enables faster, more inclusive access to information, resources, and opportunities, making the concept of a “global village” a reality.

Mastering Transport and Communication for Class 12 Geography

Class 12 Geography Chapter 7 covers key concepts of transport and communication essential for understanding human geography. Focus on modes such as land, water, air, and pipelines to build a strong foundation for the NCERT 2025-26 syllabus and beyond.

Regular practice of NCERT exercise-based solutions helps in retaining information and applying it during exams. Understanding how various transport systems complement each other will boost your scoring potential and concept clarity for board and entrance exams.

Stay updated with the latest NCERT Solutions (2025-26) and focus on exam tips such as creating flowcharts for transportation modes. Revisiting the chapter frequently ensures deeper learning and higher marks in Class 12 Geography assessments.