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Solved NCERT Questions For Class 10 Science Chapter 15 In Hindi - Free PDF
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NCERT, which stands for The National Council of Educational Research and Training, is responsible for designing and publishing textbooks for all the classes and subjects. NCERT textbooks covered all the topics and are applicable to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and various state boards.
We, at Vedantu, offer free NCERT Solutions in English medium and Hindi medium for all the classes as well. Created by subject matter experts, these NCERT Solutions in Hindi are very helpful to the students of all classes.
NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Our Environment in Hindi - 2025-26
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FAQs on NCERT Solutions For Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Our Environment in Hindi - 2025-26
1. How do you solve the NCERT question about what happens if all organisms of one trophic level are removed?
To correctly answer this question, you should explain the cascading effect on the food chain. First, state that the removal of one trophic level disrupts the ecological balance. Then, provide a step-by-step impact analysis:
- The next trophic level will be deprived of its food source, leading to starvation and population decline.
- The previous trophic level will experience a population boom due to the absence of its predators.
- This imbalance can lead to over-consumption of resources by the previous level, potentially destroying the habitat (e.g., overgrazing).
- The flow of energy through the ecosystem is halted at that point.
2. What is the correct method to list the problems caused by non-biodegradable waste as per the Class 10 Science textbook?
As per the CBSE 2025–26 syllabus, when answering this question, you should list the following problems:
- Environmental Pollution: Non-biodegradable wastes persist in the environment for a long time, causing land and water pollution.
- Biomagnification: Harmful chemicals from these wastes, like pesticides, can enter the food chain and accumulate in organisms at higher trophic levels.
- Ecosystem Harm: They can clog drains, harm aquatic life, and reduce soil fertility by altering its chemical composition and pH.
- Waste Management Issues: Their disposal is a major challenge, as they fill up landfills and are difficult to recycle or eliminate safely.
3. How should one explain the concept of biological magnification for the Class 10 board exam?
To explain biological magnification (or biomagnification) clearly, start with a precise definition: It is the process where the concentration of harmful, non-biodegradable chemical substances increases in the bodies of organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain. Then, illustrate with an example:
- Pesticides like DDT are sprayed on crops.
- These chemicals are absorbed from the soil and water by producers (plants).
- When primary consumers (herbivores) eat these plants, the chemicals are transferred to their bodies.
- The concentration increases when secondary consumers (carnivores) eat the herbivores, as the toxin accumulates in fatty tissues. The highest concentration is found in the top predator.
4. What are the key points to include when answering the NCERT question on why ozone layer depletion is a major concern?
A complete answer should cover these key points:
- Function of the Ozone Layer: First, state that the ozone layer (O₃) in the stratosphere acts as a protective shield against the Sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
- Cause of Depletion: Mention that man-made chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), used in refrigerators and aerosols, react with and destroy ozone molecules.
- Harmful Effects: Explain that increased UV radiation reaching Earth can cause serious health issues like skin cancer and cataracts, and also damages plants and aquatic ecosystems. This is why its depletion is a critical environmental concern.
5. According to NCERT solutions, how do decomposers contribute to the ecosystem?
Decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role in the ecosystem by performing several vital functions:
- They act as nature's cleansing agents by breaking down the complex organic matter of dead plants and animals.
- They are essential for nutrient recycling. They release vital nutrients back into the soil, water, and air, making them available for producers to use again.
- By decomposing dead matter, they create space for new life to thrive in the biosphere.
6. If all the waste we generate is biodegradable, would it have no impact on the environment at all? Explain the nuances.
This is a common misconception. While biodegradable waste is better than non-biodegradable waste, its excessive generation would still have significant environmental impacts:
- The decomposition process, especially in large, unmanaged quantities without proper aeration, can release harmful greenhouse gases like methane (CH₄).
- Large dumps of organic waste can become breeding grounds for harmful bacteria, pests, and disease-carrying vectors.
- The decomposition process consumes a lot of oxygen, which can deplete oxygen levels in nearby water bodies if waste leaches into them, harming aquatic life.
- Therefore, even with only biodegradable waste, proper and timely waste management is essential.
7. Why does the effect of removing all members of a trophic level differ for different trophic levels?
The impact varies because of the organism's position in the energy flow.
- Removing Producers: If all producers (e.g., plants) are removed, the entire ecosystem collapses. Primary consumers would starve, leading to the starvation of secondary and tertiary consumers.
- Removing Primary Consumers: If herbivores are removed, producers would likely overgrow. The secondary consumers (carnivores) that feed on them would starve and die out.
- Removing Top Carnivores: If top predators are removed, the population of their prey (herbivores) could increase dramatically. This could lead to overgrazing, destroying the plant life and turning the area barren.
8. Why is a food web considered a more realistic representation of energy flow in an ecosystem than a food chain?
A food web is more realistic because most organisms have multiple food sources and are preyed upon by multiple predators. A food chain is a simplified, linear pathway (e.g., grass → deer → lion). However, in reality:
- An organism can feed on various other organisms.
- An organism can be eaten by multiple types of predators.
A food web shows these interconnected and overlapping food chains, providing a more accurate picture of the complex feeding relationships and energy flow, which contributes to the stability of an ecosystem.
9. How can we identify which substances are biodegradable and which are non-biodegradable, as asked in NCERT exercises?
The key principle is to determine if a substance can be broken down into simpler components by natural biological processes, mainly by microorganisms.
- Biodegradable substances are typically of organic origin that microbes can digest. Examples include fruit peels, paper, wood, cotton, and jute.
- Non-biodegradable substances are mostly man-made synthetic materials that microbes cannot break down. Examples include plastics, glass, metals, and chemical pesticides. They persist in the environment for very long periods.
10. In the context of NCERT solutions, what makes a simple food chain like 'grass → goat → human' a valid example?
This is a valid example of a three-step terrestrial food chain because it correctly demonstrates the unidirectional flow of energy between different trophic levels:
- Producer (First Trophic Level): Grass produces its own food using sunlight.
- Primary Consumer (Second Trophic Level): The goat (a herbivore) obtains energy by eating the grass.
- Secondary Consumer (Third Trophic Level): The human (an omnivore, acting as a carnivore here) obtains energy by eating the goat.
This simple structure clearly illustrates the fundamental principle of how energy is transferred from one organism to another.
