DK Goel Solutions Class 11: Chapter 9 Overview
FAQs on DK Goel Solutions Class 11: Chapter 9 Overview
1. How do you solve the practical problems on journal entries from DK Goel Class 11 Chapter 9?
To correctly solve practical problems from Chapter 9, 'Books of Original Entry (Journal)', follow this step-by-step method:
Step 1: Identify Accounts: Read the transaction carefully and identify the two or more accounts involved.
Step 2: Classify Accounts: Determine the nature of these accounts – Personal, Real, or Nominal.
Step 3: Apply Rules: Apply the golden rules of accounting. For Personal accounts, Debit the receiver and Credit the giver. For Real accounts, Debit what comes in and Credit what goes out. For Nominal accounts, Debit all expenses & losses and Credit all incomes & gains.
Step 4: Record Entry: Record the entry in the proper journal format, ensuring the debit amount equals the credit amount.
Step 5: Write Narration: Write a brief, clear narration in brackets below the entry to explain the transaction.
2. What is the correct format for passing a journal entry for Chapter 9 as per the CBSE 2025-26 guidelines?
The correct format for a Journal, the book of original entry, consists of five columns. When solving problems, you must draw the table with the following headers:
Date: Records the date of the transaction.
Particulars: The account to be debited is written first, followed by 'Dr.'. The account to be credited is written in the next line, preceded by 'To'. This is followed by a narration.
L.F. (Ledger Folio): The page number of the ledger where the entry is posted. This is usually left blank in academic problems.
Debit Amount (₹): The amount to be debited is written in this column.
Credit Amount (₹): The amount to be credited is written in this column.
3. Why is a narration essential after every journal entry, and how should it be correctly written?
A narration is essential because it provides a concise explanation of the business transaction for which the journal entry has been recorded. It clarifies the purpose of the entry for future reference and auditing. To write a correct narration:
Start it just below the credit account in the 'Particulars' column.
Enclose it within parentheses ().
Keep it brief and to the point. For example, for a cash sales entry, the narration would be '(Being goods sold for cash)'.
Omitting the narration is considered an incomplete entry as per standard accounting practices.
4. How do you correctly apply the rules of Debit and Credit for different types of accounts when solving problems in Chapter 9?
Correctly applying the rules of Debit (Dr.) and Credit (Cr.) is fundamental. The application depends on the type of account involved:
Personal Accounts (e.g., Ram's A/c, Bank A/c): Debit the receiver of the benefit, and Credit the giver of the benefit.
Real Accounts (e.g., Cash A/c, Machinery A/c): Debit what comes into the business, and Credit what goes out of the business.
Nominal Accounts (e.g., Salary A/c, Rent A/c, Sales A/c): Debit all expenses and losses, and Credit all incomes and gains.
For every transaction, you must first classify the accounts and then apply the relevant rule to determine which account to debit and which to credit.
5. What are compound journal entries, and what is the correct method to record them as per DK Goel Chapter 9?
A compound journal entry is an entry that involves more than two accounts, where there can be multiple debits and one credit, or multiple credits and one debit. The key principle is that the total of all debit amounts must equal the total of all credit amounts. For example, when a business pays salary and rent together in cash, the entry would be:
Salary A/c Dr.
Rent A/c Dr.
To Cash A/c
This method correctly consolidates related transactions occurring on the same date into a single, efficient entry.
6. How should transactions involving GST (CGST, SGST, IGST) be correctly journalised in the books of original entry?
Transactions involving GST require special treatment in the journal. The key is to remember that GST paid on purchases (Input GST) is an asset, and GST collected on sales (Output GST) is a liability. The correct method is:
On Purchases (Intra-state): Debit Purchases A/c, Debit Input CGST A/c, Debit Input SGST A/c, and Credit the Supplier's/Cash A/c.
On Sales (Intra-state): Debit the Customer's/Cash A/c, Credit Sales A/c, Credit Output CGST A/c, and Credit Output SGST A/c.
For inter-state transactions, IGST is used instead of CGST and SGST, following the same debit/credit logic.
7. What are the most common mistakes students make while solving journal entry problems from Chapter 9?
When solving problems from 'Books of Original Entry', students often make these common mistakes:
Incorrect Account Identification: Confusing personal names with business expenses (e.g., treating 'Ram' as an expense instead of a Personal Account).
Wrong Application of Rules: Reversing the debit and credit accounts.
Errors in Narration: Writing vague narrations or omitting them entirely.
Ignoring Trade Discounts: Incorrectly showing trade discounts in the journal entry. Remember, only cash discounts are recorded in the books.
Calculation Errors: Mistakes in calculating GST or the final amounts for debit and credit columns.
