Which is the first University established in the world?
VerifiedAnswer: Nalanda University
Explanation:
Nalanda University holds the remarkable distinction of being the world's first university, established in the 5th century CE in ancient India. Located in present-day Bihar, this magnificent institution was founded around 427 CE during the reign of the Gupta Empire and flourished for over 700 years until its decline in the 12th century.
What made Nalanda truly special was its comprehensive approach to education. Unlike the isolated schools or academies that existed before, Nalanda functioned as a complete residential university with organized curricula, degree systems, and structured learning programs. The university attracted students and scholars from across Asia, including countries like Tibet, China, Korea, Japan, Indonesia, and Turkey, making it a truly international center of learning.
The university was remarkably advanced for its time. It housed over 10,000 students and 2,000 teachers at its peak. The campus consisted of multiple buildings, including lecture halls, meditation halls, temples, and dormitories. The famous library, known as Dharmaganja, contained millions of manuscripts and was said to be so vast that it burned for three months when destroyed by invaders.
Nalanda offered diverse subjects including:
• Buddhist and Hindu philosophy and theology
• Logic and metaphysics
• Grammar and linguistics
• Medicine and healing arts
• Mathematics and astronomy
• Fine arts and architecture
The university had a rigorous admission process, and only about 30% of applicants were accepted. Students had to demonstrate proficiency in existing knowledge before being allowed to pursue advanced studies. The teaching methodology combined lectures, debates, and discussions, encouraging critical thinking and intellectual discourse.
Famous scholars like Xuanzang, the Chinese Buddhist monk, studied and taught at Nalanda. His detailed accounts provide valuable insights into the university's functioning and academic excellence. The institution produced numerous renowned scholars who contributed significantly to various fields of knowledge and spread learning across different cultures.
Unfortunately, Nalanda faced gradual decline due to reduced royal patronage and was eventually destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khalji's invasion in 1193 CE. However, its legacy continues to inspire educational institutions worldwide. In recognition of its historical significance, a modern Nalanda University was re-established in 2010 near the ancient site, aiming to revive the spirit of this legendary center of learning and once again serve as a hub for international academic collaboration in Asia.
