Question

G.P Thomson experimentally confirmed the existence of matter waves by the phenomena of
(A) Diffraction
(B) Refraction
(C) Polarization
(D) Scattering

Answer 1

Hint: When very low mass particles are moving at a speed less than the speed of light, they exhibit dual nature i.e. they behave both like a particle and wave.
According to de Broglie Hypothesis
 $ E = h\nu $
 $ \Rightarrow E = \dfrac{{hc}}{\lambda } $
According to Einstein's theory
 $ E = m{c^2} $
Since both of the particle are moving with same velocity v
 $ \Rightarrow \dfrac{h}{\lambda } = mv $
 $ \Rightarrow \lambda = \dfrac{h}{{mv}} $
Reflection: When the light ray falls on a smooth polished surface and after hitting the surface the light ray will bounce back. This phenomenon is called reflection.
Polarization: It can be defined as the orientation of vibration of transverse light waves or in other words it is the process of conversion of unpolarized light into polarized light.
Scattering: When light passes from one medium to another medium, some part of the light is absorbed by particles of the medium before by its subsequent radiation in a particular direction. This phenomenon is called scattering.
Intensity of light depends on the size of particles and wavelength of light.

Complete step by step solution:
G.P Thomson confirmed the existence of matter waves by phenomenon of diffraction using de-broglie Hypothesis. This is one of the most common equations and it is used to define the wave nature of electrons.
The correct answer is Diffraction. Option A.

Notes
Tyndall effect: Phenomenon in which the particles in a colloidal solution scatter the light beams which are directed at them. The intensity of scattering depends on density of colloidal particles as well as frequency of the light.
There are three types of polarization.
-Linear Polarization: Electric field of light is restricted to only a single plane along the direction of propagation of light.
-Circular Polarization: The two components in the electric field of light are perpendicular to each other where the amplitudes are equal and phase difference is $ \dfrac{\pi }{2} $
-Elliptical polarization: Here the amplitude and the phase difference between the components are not equal.