Question

Define air pollution and write its four effects on the environment.

Answer 1

Hint: It is described as the release of pollutants such as gases, particles, biological molecules, etc. into the air that is harmful to human health and the environment. An expansion or abatement in the composition of these gases is destructive to endurance. This imbalance in the gaseous composition has resulted in an increase in the earth’s temperature.

Complete step by step answer:
In air pollution, the release of pollutants into the air that is harmful to human health and the planet as a whole.
The Clean Air Act approves the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to ensure general wellbeing by directing the emissions of these hurtful air toxins. The NRDC has been the main expert on this law since it was set up in 1970.
Effects on the environment:
Global warming: According to estimates, at the current rate of increase, the average global temperature will rise by 3°C to 8°C in the next 100 years. This will affect the climate of different regions, distribution of plants and animals, disturbance in agriculture and food production, melting of snow caps, and the resultant increase in sea levels. This will submerge parts of coastal cities of Calcutta, New York, London, and other major cities.
The formation of photochemical smog: Smog is formed when pollutants like hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides combine in the presence of sunlight. This is a blend of gases and since it is made up of photochemical responses, it is called the photochemical smog. It additionally causes numerous respiratory problems and sensitivities as it contains polluting gases.
The formation of acid rain: Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides respond with water in the environment which produces sulphuric acid and nitric acid. These acids come down along with the rain. This phenomenon is called acid rain. The pH of acid rain varies from 3-6. The composition of acid rain is sulphuric acid, nitric acid, and weak carbonic acid. Its adverse effects on the environment include: causes respiratory and skin disorders, affects the productivity of plants by damaging the leaves, enters the soil and affects the soil, pH causes draining, enters the ground and river waters which makes hurt the amphibian life, makes harm marble and accordingly harms structures and landmarks (like Taj Mahal).
Depletion of Ozone:  The Stratosphere of the air has ozone (O3). Ozone is known to ingest the Ultraviolet (UV) rays present in the sun's radiation and it can protect us from the dangerous impacts of the UV rays. Be that as it may, hydrocarbons, for example, the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) devastate the ozone molecule which depletes the ozone layer.

Note: The vegetation plays an important positive role in atmospheric purification and air pollutants reduction. The primary producers represented by plants are an important component in biogeochemical cycles. The vegetation made exchanges with a part of the atmospheric gases by photosynthesis, respiration processes, and the final stage of litter decomposition which mineralization.