Maharashtra Board Class 10 Solutions for Political Science Chapter 4: Social and Political Movements

Choose the Correct Option from The Given Options and Complete the Sentences:

1. ............ is the main demand of the farmer’s movement.

1. Right to cultivate on the forest land

2. To get the right price for agricultural product

3. Protection of consumers

4. Building of dams

Ans: The correct answer is (B)  To get the right price for agricultural product.

To get the right price for agricultural products. The major demand of the farmer's movement is to get the right price for agricultural products.

2. To increase agricultural production and become self-sufficient with regard to food grains ............ was initiated.

1. Water revolution

2. Green revolution

3. Industrial revolution

4. White revolution

Ans: The correct answer is (B) Green revolution. 

The Green revolution was started to boost agricultural output and achieve food grain self-sufficiency.

Explain The Concepts.

1. Tribal Movement

Ans:  Prior to independence, the British government denied tribal people their ability to rely on forest resources for their livelihood. Kolam from Chota Nagpur, Gond from Orissa, Koli, Bhilla, and Ramoshi from Maharashtra, and Santhal and Munda from Bihar all had tribal uprisings. 

• Since then, there has been a continuing tribal conflict. Numerous issues affect Indian tribal groups. 

• One significant issue is that they are denied ownership of woods. The tribal movement's principal demand is recognition of their ownership of the forests.

• They should be able to grow on forest land and be permitted to harvest forest goods.

2. Labour Movement

Ans:  In India, the textile and railroad industries were created in the second half of the nineteenth century. For these objectives, railroad workers went on strike in 1899.

• However, the first group dedicated to resolving worker issues was founded in 1920. The All India Trade Union Congress is this group. 

• Different issues that Indian labourers are dealing with. Some of the issues include unstable working conditions, contract labour, financial instability, a lack of legal protection for employees, unrestricted hours, workplace insecurity, and health risks.

Answer the Following Questions in Brief:

1. Explain the activities/role/functions of the environmental movement.

Ans: 

• At the national and international levels, environmental degradation is recognized as a severe issue. 

• Several movements are attempting to stem the environment's deterioration on a global scale. 

• Numerous movements in India are focusing on various environmental issues. 

• The conservation of biodiversity, preservation of various water sources, preservation of forests, creation of green spaces, pollution of rivers, improper use of chemicals, and other challenges are all addressed by environmental movements.

2. Explain the nature of the farmer's movement in India.

Ans:  

• The Indian farmer movement is a significant movement. Due to the British colonial government's anti-agriculture policies, farmers began organizing throughout the British era. 

• We are aware of protests against tax collection and movements by farmers in Bardoli and Champaranya. The ideas of Mahatma Phule, Justice Ranade and Mahatma Gandhi served as inspiration for the farmer's movements. 

• The farmer's movement became increasingly active and successful following the Green Revolution. Although the Green Revolution attempted to boost agricultural output and achieve food grain self-sufficiency, it did not help underprivileged farmers.

• There were now affluent farmers and poor farmers among the farmers. The farmer's movement had its start as a result of discontent among the underprivileged farmers.

3. For which reforms were the women’s movement in the pre-independence period fighting?

Ans: 

• The women's movement was started in India during the time before independence by progressive males. 

• The women's movement worked to eradicate discrimination against women, put an end to their exploitation, support their efforts to live honorable lives, and actively engage in society. 

• Many academics took the initiative to put an end to child marriages and Sati. The efforts of these reformists made it feasible for changes like widow remarriage, women's education, and the ability to vote for women.

State Whether the Following Statements are True or False. Give Reasons for Your Answer.

1. Movements are important in a democracy.

Ans: The above statement is true. This is because:

• The women's movement was started in India during the time before independence by progressive males. 

• The women's movement worked to eradicate discrimination against women, put an end to their exploitation, support their efforts to live honorable lives, and actively engage in society. 

• Many academics took the initiative to put an end to child marriages and Sati. The efforts of these reformists made it feasible for changes like widow remarriage, women's education, and the ability to vote for women.

2. Movements do not need strong leadership.

Ans: The above statement is False.

• A movement is a type of group action. It is anticipated that people will actively participate in the movement. Every movement has a leader. Those in charge keep the movement going. 

• The movement's leaders decide on the movement's goals, action plan, and agitation tactics. Movement effectiveness is a result of great leadership. 

• Any movement needs the public's backing. People should identify with the cause that the movement is pursuing. Movements have a plan of action that aids in influencing public opinion.

3. Consumer movement came into existence.

Ans: The above statement is true. 

• After the Consumer Protection Act was established in 1986, a consumer movement began to take shape in India. The goal of this movement is very broad. Everyone in society, according to the movement, is a consumer. 

• Consumers encounter a variety of issues as a result of how quickly social and economic systems are changing. 

• Among the issues include adulteration, rising product prices, and weight and measure fraud. The pro-consumer movement aims to safeguard customers from these frauds.

Can You Tell

1. Which movements in India are actively working for the rehabilitation of the displaced and to secure their livelihood?

Ans: Narmada Bachao Andolan - Adivasis, ranchers, earthy people, and basic liberties activists began this Andolan when countless dams were built close to the Narmada River.

2. Which movement in India led to the filing of Public Interest Litigation and the Judiciary had to give a decision over PIL?

Ans: One such movement in India resulted in the filing of a Public Interest Litigation, and the Judiciary had to make a judgment regarding the PIL. Hussainara Khatoon v. the State of Bihar. Because Hussainara Khatoon, a prisoner, brought the lawsuit. Consequently, the case became known as Hussainara Khatoon v. the State of Bihar.

3. Name the movements started by Mahatma Gandhi, Mahatma Phule, Sant Gadge Maharaj, and Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar.

Ans: Mahatma Gandhi adopted the technique of satyagraha and started the movement for farmers in Champaran and Kheda. Mahatma Phule laid the foundation of the movement for the education of women and social equality. Sant Gadge Maharaj started the cleanliness campaign. Dr. Babashaeb Ambedkar launched satyagraha to allow untouchables to use water from a public tank in Mahad.

4. On which issues does the ‘Son of the soil’ movement in India insist?

Ans: The 'son of the soil' developments in India demand different issues which were: This development gives inclination to the minority ethnic gathering as opposed to travelers who came to the city but are from a similar country.

5. Name the policies started by the government for the welfare of farmers and landless laborers.

Ans: The Government has rolled out a number of new initiatives like the Soil Health Card Scheme, Neem Coated Urea, Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY), Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY), National Agriculture Market (e-NAM), Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) and Interest Subvention Scheme.

Do This.

1) Name the policies started by the government for the welfare of farmers and landless laborers.

Ans: There were many policies started by the government for the welfare of farmers and landless laborers, some of them are:

• Soil Health Card (SHC) 

• Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) 

• Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) 

• The National Crop Insurance Scheme.

2) Collect the news in the newspapers about the movements such as the Andhashraddha Nirmulan Movement, the movement to stop the pollution of rivers, the movement against female foeticide, Not in My Name, etc.

Ans: Do it yourself. 

Discuss

1) On which issues do the ‘Son of the soil’ movements in India insist?

Ans: ‘Son of the soil’ movements in India insist mainly because of Cultural Prejudice. The more dissimilar the immigrant population is ethical, the stronger is likely to be the opposition.

Project

1. Collect the news in the newspapers about various activities of social movements.

Ans: A social movement is a movement which aims to create a change in the society in a positive way by campaigning, protesting etc.

Recently there are many new movements which are taking place. For example:

• The Tribal Belt - Many tribes like Santhals, Mundas, Oraons etc were a part of the movement. The movement was based on the representation of the literacy of the Adivasis so that they can get a job too to earn a living.

• The Gay Liberation Movement - The Gay liberation or rights movement advocates equal rights for lesbians and gay men too. It calls for an end of discrimination with the LGBT criteria. 

2. Write a report on movements in your area which are working to resolve general problems.

Ans:  In my city Mumbai, people have gathered and initiated to clean the beaches as nowadays we can see that people visiting the beaches throw alot of wastes and litter on the beach. 

Usually on every Sunday, people work uniformly to clean the beaches. Also, there are many groups formed by youngsters to spread awareness about the same. This movement is taking place in my city to overcome the problem of littering on the beaches. 

The awareness is spread by taking out rallies in public places and by creating attractive posters. I think it is a good initiative taken by the youth generation as keeping the environment clean is every person’s prime responsibility.

3. Prepare a format of a complaint you will submit under consumer protection act if you are cheated in purchase of vegetables or grains.

Ans: Case - Mr. Arjun Desai purchased vegetables from Kavyan and Co. which is newly established in Pune. The vegetables purchased looked better during the purchase but as soon as Mr. Arjun reached home, he noticed that they had worms in it. As a result, Mr. Arjun Desai approaches the District Forum.

The Complaint Petition:

Before the district forum consumer disputes redressal forum,

<Pune> 

Consume Dispute case no. 6789/2022

A petition under the section - 11 Consumer Protection Act

And in the matter of:

Mr. Arjun Desai

119 B/17 Rajwada district, Pune

Vs

Kavyan and Co. 

178 Jhemal Nagar, Pune

To,

Hon’ble President and 

Members of the District Forum

Pune 

May it please your honours:

This complaint petition is being filled on behalf of Mr. Arjun Desai 119 B/17 Rajwada District Pune, referred hereafter as Complainant and is as follows:

1. That the opposite party is engaged in the business of selling vegetables in well known markets, apart from other activities.

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