Question

The quantitative and statistical study of the human population is
(a) Calligraphy
(b) Demography
(c) Topography
(d) Seismography

Answer 1

  Hint: The term used for the quantitative and statistical study of the human population has been derived from the Greek words for “the people” and “writing or description”. Such an analysis can cover societies or groups defined by certain criteria. Hans Rosling is one of the famous people who carry out such studies.

Complete Step by Step Answer:
The quantitative and statistical study of the human population such as birth, death, migration, aging, income, etc is known as demography. It is derived from the Greek terms, “demos” meaning “the people” and “grapho” meaning “writing, description or measurement”.
The demographic analysis may cover whole societies or different sections of populations or groups that are defined by criteria such as education, nationality, religion, or ethnicity.
- Formal demographic studies usually limit the object of study to measurement of population processes.
- A broader field of social demography or population studies can also analyze the relationships between different economic, cultural, social, and biological processes that influence a population.
- The data required for demographic studies can be collected in two methods – direct and indirect
t and there are various subtypes or methods under each of these types.
- Direct data collection comes from the vital statistics registries that help in tracking all births and deaths as well as certain changes in legal status which include marriages, divorce, and migration from the registered place of residence.
- The census that occurs every ten years is an example of direct data collection.
- Indirect methods of data collection are required in populations where full data is not available.
This is a little unreliable as compared to direct studies, and can be done by asking people about siblings, parents, and children and making a record of the family tree.

So, the correct answer is, '(b) Demography'.

Note: 
- Based on the demographic studies and research data of the earth, the population up to the year 2050 and even 2100 can be estimated by demographers by extrapolating the current data using specific techniques.
- Calligraphy is the art of beautiful and decorative writing using pens or brushes.
- Topography is the art and science of studying the detailed features on the surface of or within an organism.
- Seismography is the science of detecting and recording the vibrations and intensity of earthquakes.