Essential Geometrical Shapes and Their Properties
Geometry is a very interesting field of study that students can ever come across in their years in school. Geometry does not only end after your school. We hope to establish this with this article because we need to make sure that you understand the importance of this field of study. Geometry may seem a little complex to start with, but once you get a hang of it, it’s one of the coolest parts of math. Geometry teaches the ideas and knowledge that one must have in order to understand how patterns and shapes work. It helps in making your brain work in some of the most creative ways possible. By solving several problems based on geometry, not only students can understand and get a good grasp on patterns but at the same time get better at logical reasoning and math in general.
When we asked our students if they liked geometry or not, the answers that we got were interesting, to say the least. Most students studying in classes 5, 6, and 7 did not really enjoy geometry that much and called it ‘boring’ and ‘time-consuming’. This is far from the truth. We believe that how you are taught matters a lot when it comes to math. The way in which topics are explained and simplified to you have a great role to play when it comes to what you will think of mathematics in the future. Of course, we have been told time and time again that in order to be good at math, we must know how to practice it over and over again, but the way in which students are taught is something that has not been discussed enough. Geometry too, just like everything else, needs a good way of teaching for it to be enjoyable. Students are suggested to make sure that they go through this article completely so that they get a good idea of what geometry is all about and everything that it has to offer.
Geometry is the branch of mathematics that deals with sizes, shapes and dimensions of figures, angles, lines, surfaces, etc. The word originated from the Greek word “Geometron” where “Geo” and “metria” means earth and measurement respectively. Students should have a thorough knowledge of Basic Geometrical ideas which will help them to quickly grasp more advanced concepts that they will come across in future classes.
Additionally, learning about basic geometrical concepts will also enable them to develop critical skills such as problem-solving skills, spatial reasoning, deductive and analytical reasoning. It will also come in handy while solving other mathematical concepts.
Basic Geometrical Concepts Class 6
Learning Basic geometrical concepts is essential not only from an academic point of view, but it also has several practical applications. It is required in various fields such as architecture, astronomy, engineering, video games, art forms, cloth and food designing and so on. Thus, students must have a grasp of the basic geometrical ideas.
The geometry that you will learn in this class is filled with some of the most interesting shapes and figures. The formulas are something that Vedantu would want you all to focus the most on so that you do not find it difficult to solve the problems based on the things that you learn in this article. Feel free to use this article as your guide every time you need to study geometry at any time at any place. The basic terms and geometric ideas have been discussed below.
Basic Geometry for Class 6 – Point - It is one of the most basic geometrical ideas for class 6. A point can be described as a dot on the paper. In geography, a point which has no length, width or height is used to specify a location. As such, it is usually denoted by a single capital letter. For instance, two points on a paper can be named as Point A and Point C.
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Basic Geometric Ideas 6th Grade - Line segment
A line segment is another one of basic geometrical ideas. It can be defined as the shortest route between any two points. For instance, a line connecting two points A and B can be denoted as \[\overline{AB}\] .
The points A and B are known as the endpoints. You can go through basic geometrical ideas, class 6 questions and answers to learn how to draw a line segment.
A Line segment can also have a midpoint which separates it into two equal parts. Thus, if C is the midpoint of the line segment
\[\overline{AB}\] , then AC = CB.
Additionally, as you solve questions on basic geometrical ideas for class 6, you will understand how line segments can also be a part of a line which is infinite.
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Basic Geometrical Ideas of Class 6 – Lines
A-line, which is one of the most basic geometrical concepts after point, is a straight one-dimensional geometrical shape that extends infinitely in both directions. Apart from length, a line does not have any width or height. It can pass through numerous points; hence it is named by picking any two points on it. For instance, a line passing through points P and Q can be denoted as \[\overset{\leftrightarrow }{PQ}\].
Alternatively, it can also be denoted by a single alphabet such as p, q. According to basic geometric ideas, Lines are categorised into -
Intersecting lines - When two lines or line segments cross or intersect each other at a common point, it is known as intersecting lines.
Parallel line – Pair of lines that never meet each other at any point is known as parallel lines. They can be denoted as \[\overset{\leftrightarrow }{AB}\] II \[\overset{\leftrightarrow }{PQ}\].
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Class 6 Chapter 4 Basic Geometrical Ideas – Curves
In class 6 maths basic geometrical ideas, students will also learn about curves. Figures that are not wholly straight are referred to as curves. One can go through NCERT Solutions for class 6 maths chapter 4 basic geometrical ideas to learn about these different types of curves and how to draw each one of them.
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Basic concepts in geometry Class 6 – Polygons
A simple geometrical figure that is enclosed with line segments on all sides is known as a polygon. These line segments are called sides, and the meeting point of two sides is referred to as its vertex. Consider, for example, a polygon with four sides \[\overline{AB}\], \[\overline{BC}\], \[\overline{CD}\], \[\overline{DE}\]. Now the sides \[\overline{BC}\], \[\overline{CD}\] meet at common point C, which is a vertex of polygon ABCDE. Additionally, the sides of a polygon are non-collinear.
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Basic Geometrical Ideas – Angles
When two rays emerge from a common endpoint, it forms a corner or angle. The rays are referred to as the sides, whereas the endpoints are considered the vertex of an angle. If the two sides of a corner are AB and BC, then it can be named as ∠ABC.
You can solve the questions from basic geometrical ideas class 6 exercise 4.3 to learn how to name angles correctly.
Students should keep in mind that while specifying and naming an angle, the vertex should always be in the middle. There are different types of angles called acute angle, right angle, obtuse and straight angle. After you attempt the questions from the exercise, you can refer to NCERT solutions for class 6 maths chapter 4 exercise 4.3.
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Basic Geometry Ideas Class 6 – Triangles -
A three-sided polygon is called a triangle, which is a part of basic geometrical concepts. Along with three sides, it also has three vertices and three angles. In geometry, a triangle is written as ∆ ABC. It also has an interior and exterior.
Go through the basic geometrical ideas class 6 extra questions under this topic for a better conceptual understanding of triangles.
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Basic Geometric Shapes Class 6 – Quadrilaterals
According to basic geometrical ideas, a polygon with four sides is known as a quadrilateral. Additionally, it also has four angles and vertices. One will come across various forms of four-sided quadrilaterals such as squares, rectangles, trapezoids, rhombuses etc.
After you solve the questions under this topic for yourself, you can refer to NCERT solutions class 6 maths chapter 4 exercise 4.5 to check your knowledge of the concepts.
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Basic Concepts in Geometry Std 6 – Circles
Circles form another vital part of basic geometrical ideas. It is a geometric figure which has no start point and endpoint. The line segment that connects the centre of a circle to any point on it is defined as a radius.
Additionally, a line segment whose endpoints lie on the circle and which passes through the centre is called its diameter. It also divides the circle into two equal parts. Practising the questions on basic geometrical ideas for class 6 will help you to learn how to draw diameters. Besides diameter, a line segment that connects two points on a circle is known as a chord whereas an arc can be defined as a portion of a circle. You can refer to NCERT Solutions for Class 6 maths basic geometric ideas to know more about arcs and chords.
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We aim to make learning interesting for students, which is vastly different from any offline education. For this purpose, we have created study materials for topics such as basic geometrical ideas in engaging tones along with charts and diagrams which will facilitate better understanding.
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FAQs on Basic Geometrical Ideas for Class 6
1. What are the fundamental building blocks of geometry introduced in the CBSE Class 6 chapter on Basic Geometrical Ideas?
The fundamental concepts covered in this chapter, as per the 2025-26 NCERT syllabus, are the basic elements that form all shapes. These include:
- Point: A dimensionless dot that specifies a location.
- Line: A straight path of points that extends infinitely in both directions.
- Line Segment: A part of a line with two fixed endpoints.
- Ray: A part of a line that starts from one point and extends infinitely in one direction.
2. How can you differentiate between intersecting lines and parallel lines?
You can differentiate them based on whether they meet. Intersecting lines are two or more lines that cross each other at a single, common point. In contrast, parallel lines are lines on the same plane that never meet or cross, no matter how far they are extended. They always maintain an equal distance from each other.
3. What is a curve, and what are its main types explained in this chapter?
A curve is any figure drawn on a flat surface without lifting the pencil. The main types you learn about are:
- Open Curve: A curve whose endpoints do not meet, such as the letter 'C'.
- Closed Curve: A curve that starts and ends at the same point, enclosing an area, like a circle or a square.
- Simple Curve: A curve that does not cross or intersect itself.
4. What are the key components that define a polygon?
A polygon is a simple closed figure made entirely of straight line segments. Its key components are:
- Sides: The line segments that form the boundary of the polygon.
- Vertices: The points where the sides meet (the corners).
- Adjacent Sides: Any two sides that share a common vertex.
- Diagonals: A line segment that connects two vertices that are not adjacent to each other.
5. What are the essential parts of an angle in geometry?
An angle is formed by two rays that share a common starting point. The essential parts are:
- Vertex: The common endpoint where the two rays meet.
- Arms (or Sides): The two rays that form the angle.
The space between the arms is also divided into the interior (inside the arms) and the exterior (outside the arms) of the angle.
6. What is the difference between the radius, diameter, and chord of a circle?
These are all line segments within a circle:
- Radius: A line segment from the centre of the circle to any point on the circle's boundary.
- Chord: A line segment whose endpoints both lie on the circle.
- Diameter: A special type of chord that passes through the centre of the circle. It is the longest chord and is exactly twice the length of the radius.
7. How do basic geometrical ideas apply in our daily lives?
Basic geometrical ideas are visible everywhere. For instance, the edge of a book is a line segment, the hands of a clock form an angle, and a pizza is a circle that is cut into sectors. We use these concepts to understand maps, create designs, and describe the shape of objects around us, like buildings and furniture.
8. Why is a circle considered a simple closed curve but not a polygon?
A circle is a simple closed curve because it forms a continuous loop without any intersecting lines. However, it is not a polygon for one critical reason: polygons must be constructed entirely from straight line segments. A circle, on the other hand, is made of a continuous arc with no straight sides or vertices.
9. Can a triangle have two right angles? Explain why or why not.
No, a triangle cannot have two right angles. A fundamental property of any triangle is that the sum of its three interior angles must be exactly 180 degrees. A right angle measures 90 degrees. If a triangle had two right angles, their sum alone would be 90° + 90° = 180°. This would leave 0° for the third angle, which is impossible as a third vertex could not be formed.
10. How is a quadrilateral different from a triangle?
The primary difference lies in the number of sides and vertices. A triangle is a polygon with exactly three sides, three vertices, and three angles. A quadrilateral is a polygon with exactly four sides, four vertices, and four angles. This also means a quadrilateral has two diagonals, whereas a triangle has none.
