Northern Mountains of India

India can be classified into the following physical divisions as mentioned below:

• The Northern Mountains

• The North Indian Plain

• The Peninsular Plateau

• Great Indian Desert

• The coastal Regions

• Islands

The Northern Mountains (HIMALAYAS)

The Himalayan Mountains make up India's northern mountainous region of India. They are the world's highest mountain ranges. These mountain ranges begin in the west at Pamir Knot and extend east to Purvanchal. The Northern Mountains are the world's newest and highest mountain range. Tectonic forces formed the mountains, which are 2400 kilometers long. It varies in width from 400 kilometers in Kashmir to 160 kilometers in Arunachal Pradesh. The eastern section has more altitudinal variations than the western part. The northern mountains are known for their highest peaks, deep valleys and gorges, and glaciers, among other things.

The Himalayan Mountains are further classified as

• Trans Himalayas: The Great Himalayan Range is immediate to the north. Because the majority of this Himalayan range is located in Tibet, it is also known as the Tibetan Himalaya. The Zaskar, K2 (Godwin Austin), Ladakh, Kailash, and Karakoram Ranges are among them.

• Greater Himalaya (Inner Himalaya): Himadri is a term for a mountain that is always covered in snow. The bigger Himalayas have an average height of 6000 meters. The Himalayan range is the longest and most continuous. Mt. Everest and Kanchenjunga are among the ranges that make up the core. Needle-leaved coniferous forests are one form of forest.

• Middle Himalaya: The average elevation in Middle Himalaya is between 3500 and 4500 meters. This range contains the majority of the valleys and hill stations, such as Kashmir, Kathmandu, and Nainital. Pir Panjal, Dhaula Dhar, and Mahabharat are some of the ranges. Broad-leaved evergreen forests are the most common form of forest.

• Outer Himalaya ( Shivalik range / Himachals): The Outer Himalaya ranges in height from 600 to 1200 meters. This range contains the majority of the Dun and Duars. Deciduous type woods can be found in the Outer Himalaya, for example, at Dehradun and Patlidun (longitudinal valleys).

• Eastern Hills/ Purvanchal: The Himalayas' eastern border is marked by the Brahmaputra. The Himalayas bend dramatically to the south beyond the Dihang canyon, forming the Eastern highlands, or Purvanchal, which continue through northeast India and are largely made up of sandstones. Mishmi Hills, Patkai Hills, Naga Hills, Manipuri Hills, and Mizo Hills are some of the most famous hills in the world.

(Image Will be Updated Soon)

Classification Of Himalayas Based on Geographic Location

• Punjab Himalayas / Kashmir Himalaya / Himachal Himalaya: Lies between the Indus and Sutlej

• Kumaon Himalayas: Lies between Sutlej and Kali rivers

• Nepal Himalayas: Lies between Kali and Tista rivers

• Assam Himalayas: Lies between Tista and Dihang rivers

Significance of the Himalayas for India

• Strategic: It serves as India's natural border with other countries (China, Pakistan, Afghanistan)

• Climatic: Prevent the summer monsoon from moving further north, as well as the entry of frigid northern winds from Siberia into India.

• Agricultural: Rivers flowing from the Himalayas dump a lot of silt on their banks, forming India's most productive agricultural plains, known as the Northern Plains.

• Economic: Rivers flowing from the Himalayas dump a lot of silt on their banks, forming India's most productive agricultural plains, known as the Northern Plains.

• Tourism: Large ecological biodiversity, natural views, and hill stations make up this region.

North Indian Plain 

A wide plain stretches approximately 2,500 kilometers to the south of the Great Mountains of the north, from the Satluj in the west to the Brahmaputra in the east. It's made up of alluvium carried by the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra, as well as their tributaries. The Indus and Brahmaputra rivers rise outside the Himalayas, near Lake Mansarovar, yet run in different directions.

The Peninsular Plateau 

The peninsular plateau lies to the south of the north Indian plain. It is made up of igneous and metamorphic rocks that are hard and dense. It is India's oldest region. As a result, it has been changing for hundreds of millions of years as a result of the earth's internal and external forces. This region's hills are lower in elevation and have rounded tops, in contrast to the mountains to the north. The central highlands and the Deccan plateau are the two main divisions of the peninsular plateau.

The central highlands are located in the northern half of the peninsula, north of the Vindhyas. It is bordered on the north by the Aravalis, which gradually merge with the Ganga plains in the north. From west to east, the middle highland is made up of a series of plateaus. The Malwa plateau is located in the western section of the central highlands. The Chhotanagpur plateau is located in the eastern region of Bihar. Between them are the states of Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand. The Thar Desert lies to the west of the Aravalis. It is a stony and sandy desert that has engulfed the plateau's northwestern expansion. 

From the Vindhyas in the north to the tip of the peninsula in the south, the Deccan plateau stretches. The Western Ghats, which run along the western edge of the plateau, is more continuous and taller than the Eastern Ghats. The Western Ghats rise to an average height of 1,000 meters above sea level, with some peaks exceeding 1,600 meters. The Sahyadri, Nilgiris, Annamalai, and cardamom hill are all part of the Western Ghats. The height of the Western Ghats rises from north to south, reaching 2,695 meters above sea level. The highest peak in peninsular India is Anai Mudi in Kerala. 

The Lava flows make up the northwestern part of the Deccan plateau. The Deccan trap is the name for this section. It encompasses practically all of Maharashtra, as well as sections of Gujarat and M.P. Several rivers flow through the peninsular plateau. The Narmada and Tapi rivers rise in the central Indian hills. They join the Arabian Sea as they move westward. Between the Vindhyas in the north and the Satpura mountains in the south, the Narmada flows through a narrow valley. In the south, the Tapi runs south of the Satpura hills. The Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri are the four important rivers that travel eastward and join the Bay of Bengal. The Godavari is the peninsula's longest river.

The Coastal Plains

On both sides of the Deccan plateau are coastal plains. In the north, the western coastal plain is the broadest, and it encompasses the Gujarat plain as well. It gets narrower as you get closer to the south. The Konkan shore is located south of Gujarat. The Malabar Coast is the southernmost portion of the coast. The western coastline is slightly indented, with the Narmada and Tapi estuary in the north and Kerala's lagoons or backwaters. The coastal plain on the east is larger and more level than on the west. This plain combines with the plains of the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta in the north. Northern Circar is the name given to the northern part of this shore, whereas Coromandel is the name given to the southern part.

The Islands

A cluster of numerous small islands is to the west of the Kerala coast. The Lakshadweep Islands are a group of islands in the Indian Ocean. They are native to the area. The Bay of Bengal is home to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They have a larger size. Some of the islands are volcanic, while others are submerged mountain ranges. Great Nicobar Island is home to India's southernmost point, known as the Indira point. Kanyakumari is the Indian mainland's southernmost point. However, Indira Point, located in the Andaman & Nicobar Island Group, is the southernmost point of Indian territory.

Gk questions on the Northern Mountainous Region :

The gk questions on the northern mountainous region are based on the Physical division of India which includes the topic of The Northern Mountains, The North Indian Plain, The Peninsular Plateau, the Great Indian Desert, The coastal Regions, Islands. As the physical division depends on the above-mentioned topics. Students preparing for the competitive exams must go through these topics as it will be very much helpful to pass the examinations. Now with the help of technology various sites provides gk questions and answers on the northern mountainous region of India. An educational platform like Vedantu provides gk questions and answers on the northern mountainous region of India which is very much helpful to the students. The test series are also available for the students. Students can appear for these test series online as well as offline to practice the questions for their examinations.